/• ,2o ^^ JOURNAL OF THE PROCEEDINGS THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, ZOOLOGY. v^ST' LONDON: LONGMAN, GREEN, LONGMANS AND ROBERTS, AND WILLIAMS AND NORGATE. 1860. ' 7- PBINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. LIST OF PAPERS. I Page Garner, Robert, Esq., F.L.S. On the Shell-bearing Mollusca, particularly with regard to Struc- ture and Form 35 Hanley, Sylvanus, Esq., F.L.S. On the Linnean Manuscript of the * Museum Ulricae ' 43 Huxley, Prof. T. H., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., Professor of Natural History, Government School of Mines. On the Dermal Armour of Jacare and Caiman, with Notes on the Specific and Generic Characters of recent Crocodilia 1 Salter, S. J. A., Esq., M.B., F.L.S., F.G.S. On the Moulting of the Common Lobster {Homarus vulgaris) and Shore Crab (Carcinus mcBnas) 30 Sandwith, Hon. H., M.D., C.B., Colonial Secretary of the Mauritius. On the Habits of the " Aye-Aye" {Cheiromys madagascariensis, L., Cuv.) 28 Walker, Francis, Esq., F.L.S. Catalogue of the Dipterous Insects collected at Makessar, in Celebes, by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with Descriptions of New Species 90 Wallace, A. R., Esq. On the Zoological Geography of the Malay Archipelago 172 Index 185 i PROCEEDINGS LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON November 4.th, 1858. Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair. Robert Chambers, Esq., was elected a Fellow. Among the presents were the following, for which the special thanks of the Society were directed to be given ; viz. — ' Linnseus's MS. Diary and Translation ; together with a series of Letters from Linnaeus to Menander, with Translations of many of them. These MSS. were formerly in the possession of the late Dr. Maton, Y.P.L.S., and were presented by his niece, Miss Wray. An extensive Collection of dried Plants, the present portion consisting of about 1000 species, formed in Java by T. Horsfield, Esq:, M.D., F.E. & L.S. Presented by the Court of Directors of the Hon. East India Company. An extensive Collection of Australian and Tasmanian Plants, formed by Dr. Ferdinand Mueller, and including type specimens of many of the Eucalypti and Acaoice described in his Papers, published in the Society's " Journal ; " presented by Dr. Miiller. The valuable Collection of British AlgaB, formed by the late Mrs. Griffith, and arranged according to Dr. Harvey's " Manual of British Algae ; " presented by the Subscribers to a fund for its purchase. LINN. PBGC. a PEOCEEDINGS OF THE Eead, the commencement of a Paper, entitled " Notes on Bri- tish Botany ; " by George Bentham, Esq,, V.PX.S. (See " Bota- nical Proceedings ; " Supplement, vol. ii.) Noyember IBth^ 1858. Francis Boott, Esq., M.I>., Vice-President, in the Chair. Cyril C. Graham, Esq., and J. R. Kinahan, Esq., M.D., were elected ^Fellows ; and Mr. Charles Barter an Associate. The Tice-Fresident in the Chair announced tbe formation by the Society of a British Herbarium ; and Mr. Bentham (who, in conjunction with Dr. Alexander and Mr. Babington, and with the assistance of Mr. Oliver, had undertaken the arrangement of the Collection) stated that it was now completely arranged, and gave some explanation of the principles on which it had been formed. Read, fir&t, a continuation of Mr. Bentham*s " Notes cm British Botany." Read, secondly, " Notes O'n some English Plants ; '^ by John Hogg, Esq., r.R.S., E.L.S. &c. December 2nd, 1858. Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair. Charles Ratcliff, Esq., and James Sidney Walker, Esq., were elected Eellows ; and Dr. Frederick Welwitsch an Associate. Read, first, a " Catalogue of the Hymenopterous Insects col- lected by Mr. A. R. Wallace at the Islands of Aru and Key ;" by Frederick Smith, Esq. Communicated by William Wilson Saun- ders, Esq., y.P.L.S. (See "Zoological Proceedings," vol. iii. p. 132.) Read, secondly, Notes " On the Linnean MS. of tbe Museum Ludovicse Ulricae ReginsB;" by Sjdvanus Hanley, Esq., F.L.S. (See " Zoological Proceedings," vol. iv. p. 43.) LINNBAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. Ml Eead, thirdly, a " Note on the Morphology of the Balsami- nacece ;" by Prof. Henfrey, F.E.S., F.L.S. (See " Botanical Pro- ceedings," vol. iii. p. 159.) Eead, fourthly, a " Notice of the Arborescent Ferns of New Zealand;" by T. S. Ealph, Esq., A.L.S. (See "Botanical Pro- ceedings," vol. iii. p. 163.) December 16th, 1858. Thomas Bell, Esq., President, in the Chair. Thomas Henry Huxley, Esq., E.E.S., was elected a Fellow. Among the presents was the extensive Herbarium of the late Thomas Bell Salter, Esq., M.D., F.L.S. ; presented by his brother, S. James A. Salter, Esq., F.L.S., for which the special thanks of the Society were directed to be given. Eead, first, a "Notice of two Insect-products from China;" by Daniel Hanbury, Esq., F.L.S. (See " Zoological Proceedings," vol. iii. p. 178.) Eead, secondly, a " Monograph of the East Indian Species of Utricularia ',''' by Daniel Oliver, Esq., F.L.S. (See " Botanical Proceedings," vol. iii. p. 170.) Eead, thirdly, " Observations on the Structure of the Stem in certain Species of Cary(yphylle.;i>:c- ■*.*Ur clQ 26—28 . 18 ■Jijci ,JMiii-v>iaiiTifi.5.ttiEiai^ i^ykm^j 29—31 •■.^fi'ikk .^16 ix to -Mi-^Vh. fiifl9V63-Yd iisiA 4ffi iii .s:3^-U: -n-^t^j^i^: ^a 14 Hjifte9«^ll be noticed that there are /,tfarcu?e rows of ventral than of dorsal scutes. On endeavouring to ascertain how this came about, I observed that the first subdorsal was a good deal behind the first dorsal row, though the eighth to the twelfth dorsal corresponded exactly with the eighth to the twelfth ventral rows. In the anterior part of the body, therefore, there is a clear general correspondence between the segments of the dorsal and those of the ventral armour. In the caudal region, again, I found that the twenty-fourth ven- tral row, which is the first of the caudal rows not excavated by the 26 PEOr. HUXLEY ON THE SPECIFIC AND GENEEIC vent, corresponded exactly with the twenty-first dorsal row. It was clear, therefore, that three ventral rows were interpolated somewhere between the twelfth and twenty-first dorsal rows ; and on close examination I found this interpolation to arise from the doubling of the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth ventral rows. I have examined Jacare Jlssipes and nigra, Caiman trigonatus, and C. gihhic&ps, in the British Museum ; and I find, in all, dorsal and ventral armour having the same essential arrangement as that just described. A specimen of Caiman palpehrostis about two feet long, the opportunity of examining which I owe to Dr. Grant, exhibits the dorsal and ventral shields (whose scutes are in the main similarly arranged) very beautifully ; and a young Jacare of about 18 inches in length, for which I am indebted to the kind- ness of the same gentleman, proves that the scutes are developed even in specimens of this age. I have no hesitation therefore in expressing my belief that this singularly complete dermal armour will be found to be characteristic of all the species of the genera Caiman and Jacare. On the other hand, I have examined Alli- gator Mississipiensis, Crocodilus vulgaris, C. biporcatus, G. Ameri- canus, C. rhombifer, and C. iomhifrons, Mecistops cataphr actus, and Gavialis Gangeticus, of various ages and sizes, without having been able to discover a trace of ventral scutes. This is the more remarkable, as the well-marked ventral and dorsal shields of many of the ancient Teleosauria would lead one to expect a correspond- ing exoskeleton (if anywhere) in their nearest allies, the modern Gavialidce. However, Goniopholis, with its strong armour, is more like an ordinary Crocodile ; and I have recently discovered that a true Crocodile in some respects curiously similar to C. hom- hifrons (C. Hastingsice) was covered with scutes exceedingly like those of the modern Caiman and Jacare. In minute structure the bony scutes of Jacare closely re- semble those of such a fish as a Sturgeon : a middle layer, con- taining so many canals as to appear almost cancellated in longi- tudinal or transverse section, is covered externally by a thin, and internally by a thick, layer composed of bony lamellae, nearly par- allel to the plane of the scute. E-ound the canals of the middle layer, the bony lamellae are disposed concentrically, to a greater or less extent. The lacunae are of very various shapes ; and there are perhaps as many short as elongated forms. The canals of the middle layer communicate by large branches with the inner, by smaller and fewer branches with the outer surface of the scute. In the young Jacare mentioned above, I found the dermis to be CHABAOTEES OF EECENT CBOCODILIA. 27 distinguishable into two layers. The more superficial of these is thin, made up of irregular or formless connective tissue, and con- tains many ramified pigment-masses. Its smooth outer surface un- derlies the rete mucosum. Internally, it passes into the second or deep layer, which consists of successive layers of distinctly fibrous connective tissue, disposed in definite parallel bundles, and having a very regular arrangement. Throughout a space corresponding with the area of each scale, in fact, the bundles of each layer cross those of the succeeding layer at right angles ; and the successive tiers of bundles are tied together by short cords disposed perpendi- cularly to the planes of the tiers. A corresponding arrangement of the bundles of connective tissue has long been known to obtain in the dermis of Fishes and Batrachia. At each end of this small " mat " of connective tissue, the bundles, if I may so say, fray out ; and at the anterior end, the layers, loosened in texture, bend up- wards, spreading out at the same time to become continuous with the fibres of the " mat " in front. In consequence of the matting under the quadrate surface of each scale, the dermis has a peculiar facetted aspect, quite apart from any osseous deposit. Where bony scutes are formed, they appear as very thin perforated plates in the most superficial portion of the deep layer of the dermis ; so that there is a single thin layer of dense connective tissue above them, while below them are all the rest of the denser and deeper lamellae of the dermis. Through the apertures in this primitive osseous plate (the rudiment of the middle layer of the future scute), bundles of connective tissue extend, connecting the deep with the superjacent lamellae. If a thin section is made and decalcified with weak acid under the microscope, the calcareous matter, as it is dissolved away, leaves an obscurely fibrous matrix of a different aspect from the sur- rounding connective tissue, and the endoplasts, or nuclei, of this matrix are seen each to have occupied the centre of a lacuna. Again, the rudimentary scute lies in the dermis as in a sort of pocket, the superficial and deep walls of which separate from it with great ease ; and in good thin sections made through the der- mis and scute, there seems to be no direct connexion between the substance of the scute above and below, and the connective tissue with which it is in contact. Nor could I satisfy myself that the margins of the scute were continuous with the surrounding bundles of connective tissue. However, the specimen had been a very long time in spirit ; and I am unwilling to lay too much stress upon these observations, which tend to negative the supposition 28 DR. SANDWITH ON THE HABITS OF THE AYE-ATE. that the scute proceeds from the direct -calcification of the con- nective tissue of the dermis. ' Gn the other hand, I must remark that horizontal sections of the scutes have presented oblique parallel fissures, sometimes crossing one another, which might readily be supposed to corre- spond with the lines of separation of ossified bundles of connec- tive tissue. Note. — During a recent visit to Paris, my friend Mr. Busk was kind enough to examine the specimens of recent Crocodilia in the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes, with reference to certain points to which I requested his attention. Mr. Busk informs me that there is no doubt about the transverse direction of the pre- maxillo-maxillary suture in Crocodilus rhomhifer ; and his state- ments lead me to entertain no question that C. hombifrons is a synonym of C. palustris. In the typical specimens of C. marginatus and C. suchus of Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, the premaxillo-maxillary suture extends back to the level of the seventh tooth. Mr. Busk has furthermore pointed out to me the existence of another American species of Crocodile — C, Morelettii, which has been described by M. Auguste Dumeril in his " Description des Beptiles nouveaux ou imparfaitement connus," &c., 'Archives du Museum,' t. vi. 1852. This species inhabits lake Flores, in Yucatan ; and it is said by M. Dumeril to approach C. Americanus, from which it differs in the proportions of the skull and in the characters of the dermal armour. June 2l9t, 1859. On the Habits of the "Aye- Aye" {Cheiromys madagascariensis ^ L., Cuv.). By the Hon. H. Sandwith, M.D., C.B., Colonial Secretary of the Mauritius. Communicated by Prof. Owen, P.E.S., y.p.L.s. [Read AprH 7tb, 1859.] " Mauritius, Jan. 27, 1859. " My deae Me. Owen, — After very great difficulty and much delay, I have at length obtained a fine healthy male adult Aye- Aye ; and he is now enjoying himself in a large cage which I have had constructed for him. " He is a most interesting little animal ; and from close observa- DE. SANDWITH ON THE HABITS OF THE AYE- ATE. 29 tion I Lave learnt his habits very correctlj^ On receiving him from Madagascar, I was told that he ate bananas ; so of course I fed him on. them, but tried him with other fruit. I found he liked dates, — ^which was a grand discovery, supposing he be sent alive to England. Still I thought that those strong rodent teeth, as large as those of a young Beaver, must have been intended for some other purpose than that of trying to eat his way out of a cage — the only use he seemed to make of them, besides masticating soft fruits. Moreover, he had other peculiarities, — e.g,^ singularly large, naked ears directed forward, as if for offensive rather than defen- sive purposes ; then, again, the second finger of the hands is unlike anything but a monster supernumerary member, it being slender and long, half the thickness of the other fingers, and resembling a piece of bent wire. Excepting the head and this finger, he closely resembles a Lemur, " Now as he attacked, every night, the woodwork of his cage, which I was gradually lining with tin, I bethought myself of tying some sticks over the woodwork, so that he might gnaw these instead. I had previously put in some large branches for him to climb upon ; but the others were straight sticks to cover over the woodwork of his cage, which alone he attacked. It so happened that the thick sticks I now put into his cage were bored in all directions by a large and destructive grub called here the Moutouk. Just at sunset the Aye- Aye crept from under his blanket, yawned, stretched, and betook himself to his tree, where his movements are lively and graceful, though by no means so quick as those of a squirrel. Presently he came to one of the worm-eaten branches, which he began to examine most attentively ; and bending forward his ears, and applying his nose close to the bark, he rapidly tapped the surface with the curious second digit, as a woodpecker taps a tree, though with much less noise, from time to time inserting the end of the slender finger into the worm-holes, as a surgeon would a probe. At length he came to a part of the branch which evidently gave out an interesting sound, for he began to tear it with his strong teeth. He rapidly stripped off the bark, cut into the wood, and exposed the nest of a grub, which he daintily picked out of its bed with the slender tapping finger, and conveyed the luscious morsel to his mouth. " I watched these proceedings with intense interest, and was much struck with the marvellous adaptation of the creature to its' habits, shown by his acute hearing, which enables him aptly to distinguish the different tones emitted from the wood by his gentle 30 MB. S. J. A. SALTER ON THE MOULTING OF THE tapping; his evidently acute sense of smell, aiding him in his search ; his secure footsteps on the slender branches, to which he firmly clung by his quadrumanous members; his strong rodent teeth, enabling him to tear through the wood ; and lastly by the curious slender finger, unlike that of any other animal, and which he used alternately as a pleximeter, a probe, and a scoop. " But I was yet to learn another peculiarity. I gave him water to drink in a saucer, on which he stretched out a hand, dipped a finger into it, and drew it obliquely through his open mouth ; and this he repeated so rapidly, that the water seemed to flow into his mouth. After a while he lapped like a cat ; but his first mode of drinking appeared to me to be his way of reaching water in the deep clefts of trees. I am told that the Aye- Aye is an object of veneration at Mada- gascar, and that if any native touches one, he is sure to die within the year ; hence the difficulty of obtaining a specimen. I over- came this scruple by a reward of £10, " I quite despair of obtaining the bones of the Binornis or Dodo^ though I have made every effort. I shall always be proud to be of service. " Believe me, yours very faithfully, "H. Sandwith." On the Moulting of the common Lobster {Homarus vulgaris) and Shore Crab (Carcinus mcenas). By S. James A. Salteb, M.B., F.L.S., F.a.S. [Read April 7th, 1859.] I AM induced to bring this subject before the Linnean Society, on account of the singularly perfect specimen of the thro wn-off" slough of a Lobster which I have now an opportunity of exhibiting, and because the process by which it was shed was witnessed and care- fully watched by two competent observers — by my friend Mr. Eobert Cooke, of Scarborough, a Fellow of this Society, and by the intelligent wife of the Curator of the Scarborough Museum, in an aquarium in which institution the occurrence took place. The methods by which certain of the Decapod Crustaceans cast their old shells in the process of renewal and growth have already been made the subject of observation and record. Eeaumur, as early as 1712, and again in 1718, saw and described COMMON LOBSTER AND SHOBE CHAT?. 31 the sloughing of the common freshwater Crayfish {Astacvs Jiu- viatilis) . It was witnessed in the common edible Crab {Cancer Fagurus) by Mr. Couch, in 1833. Subsequently the moulting-process was observed by Mr. Gosse, in the Spinous Spider-crab (Maia Squinado) . Beyond these three recorded examples, I believe that the actual operation of moulting in Decapods has never been seen, though the sloughs of our common Crustacea, and the animals themselves but recently emerged from their old shells, are familiar to all marine zoologists. There is no recorded account of the moulting of the Lobster, that I have been able to discover. The Lobster from which the slough was obtained, and whose operations are the subject of this communication, was an inhabit- ant of a large marine aquarium in the Museum at Scarborough. The period was July 1857. The aquarium contained the ordinary assemblage of sea-shore animals, and a considerable collection of vegetation, which consisted of Ulva, Fucus, and other common sea- weeds. For two days previous to its throwing off the shell, the Lobster was observed in a very peculiar attitude, and to be very busily en- gaged. Its abdomen was permanently and stifily erected and straight ; while the animal, in this rigid attitude, was hard at work detaching and carrying all the soft sea- weed it could collect to one end of the aquarium, where it thus accumulated a large mass of vegetation, which was afterwards destined to become a screen and protection for its soft body. At the same time, and by the same means, a clearing was made at the other end of the tank, in which it had space for the evolutions which were subsequently necessary for the extrication of its body. The Lobster remained in the peculiar rigid attitude I have described, during the entire two days previous to the moult. On the third day, a crack was observed along the membrane which unites the dorsal surface of the first abdominal ring with the carapace ; and when these parts became separated by about half an inch, the bright-blue membrane of the new shell being plainly visible beneath, the operation of extricating the abdomen com- menced. By a strong vibratory actidli of the whole abdomen, principally in a lateral direction, one segment was, at first, pro- truded through the split ; and this was followed by an interval of complete repose, during which the animal remained quite mo- 32 MR. S. J. A. SALTEB ON THE MOULTING OF THE tionleas. Then, by another vibratory action, the second segment was extricated ; then followed an interval of repose, when the third was withdrawn ; and so on till, at last, the entire abdomen, after having been bent double upon itself, was turned completely out backwards, and then, elongated and compressed, remained above and parallel to the empty shell that it had occupied, and which was still attached to the under surface of the cephalo-thorax. Hitherto the only orifice of escape consisted in the transverse splitting of the first abdominal segment from the carapace, on the dorsal surface. None of the abdominal segments separated from each other. Thus far the extrication had commenced at the front of the abdomen, and had progressed from before backwards. It was now observed that the carapace had split from behind forwards, the fis- sure commencing posteriorly at the transverse split between the carapace and the first abdominal segment, and reaching forwards to the apex of the rostrum, which, however, it did not absolutely divide. The two halves of the carapace then separating posteriorly, the interval between them, together with the original transverse slit, constituted a trifid opening, through which the rest of the animal escaped. The escape of the cephalo-thoracic portion was effected from be- hind forwards. First the posterior ambulatory legs were loosened and withdrawn; then followed the next pair; and this process was continued from behind forwards, pair by pair — the withdrawal of each pair of legs being followed by an interval of repose. The limbs were withdrawn very readily from the old shell, slipping out of it as a leg would from a loose boot. No apparent effort ac- companied these operations so far. The extrication of the claws, however, was attended with much and violent exertion. This consisted of two powerful and sudden tugs, the soft abdomen of the Lobster pressing by its under surface upon the upper surface of the empty shell. By this means the soft chelae were drawn through the narrow joints of the old shell, exhibiting strong, unmistakeable marks of the violence and pres- sure to which they had been subjected. The escape of the chelae from their unyielding incasement was not aided by any splitting of the old shell, the large soft hands being drawn by compression through the narrow joints, as a wire is drawn through the con- tracting holes of a draw-plate. The efforts for the withdrawal of the chelae were the last, and succeeded in completely freeing the Lobster from its old case. COMMON LOBSTER AND SHORE CRAB. 33 Not only the claws, but the parts of the mouth, the antennaB, and the eyes, were all unsheathed ; and with the last tug the regenerate Lobster plunged backwards, and entirely escaped, above and be- hind the now empty shell — its former tenement. The operation, from first to last, occupied about twenty minutes, and was performed entirely in view, in that part of the aquarium wliich the Lobster had cleared of sea-weed. Immediately after emerging from the old shell, the Lobster, was much deformed : there was a general elongation of the whole animal ; but this was most remarkably the case with the claws, which were quite drawn out of shape. During the few subsequent hours, both the body and the claws became shorter and much enlarged. This increase of size did not result from any unfolding of membrane of the shell previously plicated, as no folds were ob- servable immediately after the emergence of the animal, but from a simple distension, apparently from the imbibition, either by swallowing or by endosmosis, of considerable quantities of water. The membrane of the new shell was perfectly soft, and of a bright-- blue colour. At first the Lobster was shy and quite inactive^" retiring to and remaining concealed among the accumulated sea- weed ; but in a few hours it emerged from its retreat, and moved freely about the aquarium. The membrane of the new shell re- mained soft for some days, btit on the seventh it appeared to have become perfectly calcified. ^ These are the details of the exuviation of the Lobster whose '^ cast-off shell is before the Society. By a happy accident, the* same observers had an opportunity of witnessing the sloughing of another Lobster, in the month of November following. The process was identically the same in every particular ; but it was observed that the subsequent calcification of the shell did not take place till after the lapse of about fourteen days, — a circumstance probably dependent on a lower temperature and a less active nutrition. These are, I believe, the only two instances in which the exuviation of the Lobster has been actually witnessed ; but there exist specimens of sloughs which are entirely in keeping with this description. In the fish-house of the Zoological Society of London there are two specimens which were cast in the tanks there ; and in each there is the same traijsverse splitting of the carapace from the abdomen, and the longitudinal splitting of the carapace itself, without any other opening for tlie escape of tlie animal. One or two general observations are suggested by the foregoing LINN. PROC. — ZOOLOGY. 3 34 ON THE MOULTING OF THE COMMON LOBSTER AND SHORE CRAB. description. In the only examples of the exuviation of macrou- rous Decapod Crustaceans, there exists a singular diversity in the process itself. In Astacus, as described by Beaumur, the process commences with the escape of the cephalothorax ; in Homarus, as I have now described it, it begins by the emergence of the abdo- men. In Astacus the carapace is detached and thrown oif bodily and unbroken, being severed from its attachments with the lateral portions of the cephalothorax, as is the case in the Brachyura ; whereas in Homarus the lateral attachments of the carapace remain, whilst the plate itself is split up the centre. In Astacus, as is also the case in the Brachyura, the thrown- off slough is uni- formly left resting on its dorsal surface ; in Homarus the reverse is uniformly the case. But the most striking dissimilarity is to be found in the circumstances stated to attend the liberation of the chelae. Prof. Bell, in the Introduction to his ' History of the British Stalk-eyed Crustacea,' remarks — " It is impossible to imagine that the crust of the legs, and especially of the great claws of the larger species, could be cast off, unless it were susceptible of being longitudinally split" (p. 35), and he then proceeds to give the account detailed by Beaumur of the longi- tudinal splitting of the shell in the neighbourhood of the joints of the claws in Astacus, so as to allow of the extrication of the hands. Nevertheless, however impossible it may appear for the chelae to escape without this splitting, no such circumstance occurs in the exuviation of Homarus vulgaris ; and when we consider that the hands of Astacus are small in proportion to the wrist-joints, and that in Homarus they are larger in proportion to those joints than in any other of the Macroura, this dissimilarity in the mode in which the claws escape is the more remarkable, and, I confess, to my own mind it suggests the suspicion that the distinguished and usually most accurate Erench naturalist to whom I have referred may possibly in this instance have been led to consider as a fact that which was to him a supposed necessity*. Since the foregoing account of the moulting of the Lobster was written, I have dredged a specimen of the common shore-crab (^Carcinus mcenas), in the act of casting its shell. This little crustacean had taken refuge, no doubt for the safe and secret per- * The suspicion above expressed has been fully confirmed by observations made by Mr. J. J. Bennett, the Secretary of the Linnean Society. Mr. Bennett informs me that, in an aquarium in his possession, an Astacus fiuviatilis has twice cast its shell, and the process of moiilting was on each occasion accom- plished without any sphtting of the shell at the joints of the claws. ME. R. GARNER ON THE SHELL-BEARINO MOLLUSCA. 35 formance of sloughing in a forest of Zostera, on one of the mud banks in Poole Harbour, and while scraping these weeds with a keer-drag it fortunately fell into my net. It shows how the Bra- chyura leave their old shells by the horizontal splitting away of the carapace from the other portions of the shell — the carapace itself remaining entire ; and it also shows (and this was my principal object in exhibiting the specimen) the enormous amount of increase of size upon emerging from the shell, and the rapidity with which that increase takes place. The animal, as now seen, is in exactly the same state as when taken out of the water, and its bulk is probably some four times larger than the area of the shell in which it had been encased only a few minutes before. I retained the Crab in connexion with its old shell, and prevented its further escape by wrapping it in paper, so that it could not move its limbs. I thought such a specimen would be telling and illustrative, and that the old shell, being in contact with the new, would afford facilities for contrast. In this condition the Crab died, and, being out of water some time, it became dry, and the soft new shell collapsed and bulged in ; but, upon placing the dead Crab in sea- water, the soft shell very speedily imbibed sufficient fluid to distend it to its pre- vious dimensions. This of course was simply the effect of endosmosis. Mr. Couch, in describing the moulting of the common Edible Crab (Cancer Pagurus), speaks of its drinking large quantities of water, and thus becoming distended ; but I rather think that the distension takes place by endosmosis, even during life. There are two cir- cumstances which militate against Mr. Couch's opinion : — first, the rapidity with which the distension occurred in the Crab I have just exhibited, while still in the act of moulting ; and secondly, that after death the same distension occurred when the Crab was immersed in sea- water ; in which case it could only be by endosmosis. Indeed to me it seems very probable that this very endosmosis, when the water once comes in contact with the new, uncalcified shell, may, by distending it, be the main agent in the breaking open and dissevering of the elements of the old shell. On the Shell-bearing Mollusca, particularly with regard to Struc- ture and Form. By Egbert Gtarner, Esq., F.L.S. [Abstract of a Paper read before the Society.] The author commences the paper, of which the following is the substance, with some general observations on the morphology of 3# 30 MR. R. GARNER ON THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA. animals. He thinks that the idea of an ascending and successive scale or chain of creation is, in the main, correct, when the great classes, and not species or genera, are made the links, — the dis- turbing or modifying influences being due to modes of life, food, habitat, &c.,and causing a different (say the quinary) distribution. He is an advocate, too, for the doctrine of one fundamental plan of organization, and thinks that, in the zoophyte, there is a real union of both the animal and vegetable nisus. The great divisions of this chain, the radiate, articulate, mollus- cous, and vertebrate, constitute an ascending series ; the links of the chain, so to speak, being in each case, for such an extent, of a particular pattern ; but, nevertheless, one of the highest moUusks may surpass in organization one of the lowest fishes, or an articu- late creature a mollusk. The author considers such great divisions of animals, as well as minor ones — the gasteropodous moUusks, for instance — as realities, and not mere abstractions ; and that they are independent of the circumstances of food, habitat, locomotion, &c., just referred to. So great, however, are these disturbing influences, that they often produce an extraordinary external resemblance or pseudo-analogy between animals of a very difl'erent nature, as between a Chiton and an Oniscus, and they are con- nected intimately with, though not the cause of, what we call specific or generic distinctions. Aerial life, in contradistinction to aquatic, raises mucb the character of the locomotive organs ; yet this is subordinate to type : hence the creeping Mollusk appears to have commonly a higher organization than the flying Insect. The cartilages of Sepia have a true resemblance to those of a Skate, and the Cirrhipede truly connects the Mollusk with the Crustacean. The author regards Dentalium as a gasteropod, differ- ing in this respect from Lacaze-Duthiers, whose beautiful paper, however, renders it supererogatory to say anything more on this animal, except that the author believes that the presence of the spiniferous tongue, of a proboscis, and the nature of the food, are favourable to his view : he also takes the feathery tufts to be the branchiae. The anatomy of Aspergillum is similar to that of Fholas; its mantle, however, is all but closed in front, and ends in an obliquely-set muscular disk, applied to the internal surface of the rose of the so-called arrosoir, the openings of this part of the shell giving exit to certain processes and fimbriae of the fleshy disk, — a narrow slit being also left in both the muscular and shelly disks for the exsertion of the small, compressed and curved foot. The MK. E. GARNER ON THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA. 37 animal is enveloped within the shell by a rather horny, general membrane. The author touches upon the anatomy of some other genera of Lamellibranchiata. Solemya has its firm, horny, dark cuticle doubled inwards from the valves over the tubular mantle ; behind, it has an anal opening, and a second fringed branchial slit lower down : the branchiae and tentacles are single on each side, the former being remarkably feather-like. The foot is similar to that of the Solens, but crenate round its anterior disk. Cyrenoidea has the mantle closed below, but with two openings behind, the upper one with a semicircular internal fringe, incomplete above ; a callous rim and fringe surround the mantle, which has also a third opening for the long, compressed, bent, and blunt foot. This last has a remarkable crystalline body, directed from the stomach to the pedal pore, apparently, as in Cardium, subserving by its elasticity to the extension of the foot, and consequently to locomotion ; at any rate, it is not a sexual distinction. The external branchiae are short, and the upper or internal branchial cavity does not commu- nicate with the lower one. The renal organ opens near the branchial nerve, and the ovary at the base of the abdominal mass. Trigonia is remarkable for its beautifully fringed, open mantle, its pectinated pits for the secretion of the teeth, and the large scythe- shaped foot, trenchant before and peaked behind, and having a fringed disk. Vulsella is allied to the Oyster, but more so to the Pectens, having a small cylindrical grooved foot and appended visceral mass, but no byssus ; the rectum perforates the heart, and has a tentacle above its opening. Perna has a similar foot, and a very bulky byssus, with a large muscle attached to their base ; the lips resemble those of the Oyster. The anatomy of Crania is little different from that of Orbicula, as described by Owen, — the beauti- ful arms folded in several coils, with a simple mouth at their base, the stomach and short intestinal canal surrounded by the liver and hearts, and terminating by a lateral bend ; the ovaries ramifying in the mantle ; the adductor muscles being four in number, with some bands to the mantle ; and on the latter, glandular markings cor- responding with the microscopic sculpture of the shell. "With respect to Anomia, the author has again been anticipated by Lacaze- Duthiers, though he has already given,^ in another paper, most of its anatomy and morphology : he would simply call attention to its very long and curious crystalline stilette, unconnected with the minute foot. With respect to that qucestio vexata, the sexes of the Lamelli- 88 MR. R. aARNER ON THE SHELL-BEARINa MOLLUSCA. branchiata, be observes that any number of individuals of Cyclas may be examined, and young fry will be found in the branchial laminae in all ; that all Oysters have ova, and also all individuals of Tecten maximus, the subpedal mass being visibly composed of an ovary and a testis. He is obliged to believe that one species of British Anodon is universally oviferous. But the common Edible Cockle appears to have the individuals of different sexes, and the same may be said with regard to Mytilus edulis and Patella. The spermatozoa in the Cockle are oblong and a little curved, and torulated, as it were, whilst they are pear-shaped in My- tiltis ; they are also extremely minute, and their appendages must be very fine, for with a power magnifying 500 diameters they are scarcely to be seen. In the shell of a Patella, Emarginula, or Haliotis, we have the two conjoined valves of a lamellibranchiate mollusk; and through such forms as Calyptrcea, Hipponyx, Navicella, and Ne- rita, we arrive at the ordinary form of the gasteropod with its operculum. Then follows a disquisition on the progressive tendency to a spiral geometry in these animals, due to a varying plan of conformation, and not to the force of the heart, there being generally an atrophy of the left side of the body. In Nautilus and Aryonauta, the shell and mantle are reversed in position to what they are in the Gaste- ropods, whilst Sepia and Hyalcea agree rather with the latter. The symmetrical shell of the lower Gasteropods undergoes a lateral torsion in the higher, spiral forms, to become again symmetrical in the Cephalopoda. The branchiae in Patella retain a position analogous to that of the same organs in the Lamelli- branchiata; in some Chitons they have a tendency to retract towards the anus, as in Doris ; in Fissurella they waste at the sides and become developed above the neck, as in the spiral Gasteropods ; but in them, the right branchia, and right side of the mantle are principally developed. From this torsion arises the form and spire of the shell. In Aplysia, where the bran- chial fissure is far back and to the right side, the right respiratory nerve preserves a superior position, and passes backwards to form its ganglion at the front of the branchial opening ; the left, on the contrary, passes under the oesophagus to form a second ganglion, not mentioned by Cuvier, behind the first. In the more spiral Gasteropod the torsion is greater ; the right nerve, for instance, mounts upwards over the digestive canal to form its ganglion quite in the left flank, whilst the left goes below the digestive MR. B. GARNER ON THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA. 39 canal to attain the right flank. In Sepia the branchisB are again symmetrical and abdominal. The shell of the young Sepia is composed of distant plates, only connected by minute transversely striated laminae or flattened tubes, producing by their insertion a beautiful appearance of sinuous lines, very like those of a Baculite or Ammonite ; and the spongy part of the shell, so constituted, is probably filled with air from the cavity of the body situated immediately in front, the intervening membrane having a peculiar structure. This cavity of the body exists in much lower moUusks ; air being apparently secreted in it, to lighten the animal. The author thinks that, in considering the anatomy and form of the body of the Grasteropoda, about ten species may be taken as types of corresponding families. 1. Patella and its congeners. — He claims to have been one of the first to show the termination of the oviducts and renal organs between the processes of the branchiae in the Chitons. As they are commonly phytivorous, the intestine is often very long and disposed in large coils, in double apposition ; the buccal apparatus is very remarkable. Chitonellus diflers but slightly from Chiton, the central elements of its tongue, however, being little developed, though having the same tessellated basement membrane. The tongue of Emarginula differs much from that of Patella, having an immense number of serrated side-hooks and a dilated middle portion. 2. CaltptrjEA, Sfc. — The moUusks of this division have often suprannchal branchiae, as have some of the last ; the sexes also are frequently separate, rendering copulation necessary ; and they are sometimes partially spiral, with a tendency to form an oper- culum. However, the little Ancylus fluviatilis appears to be what is commonly called hermaphrodite, with a branchial lamina on the left side, together with the heart and openings of the genital organs ; the stomach has a caecum, and the penis a long filiform appendage ; the female parts opening near the rectum and behind the male organs. It must respire by water rather than by air, for, in a rapid stream, the stones at the bottom are covered with Ancyli (upon which also its round oothecae, each containing four or five ova, are deposited), and it appears impossible for them to get to the surface to breathe. On the contrary, the \2k.e- Ancylus, though the margin of its mantle is ciliated, may perhaps come to the surface, ascending the stalks of the "Water Persicaria, on which it is mostly found, and on which its oothecae are deposited. When the dark cuticle of this last minute creature is removed, 40 ME. R. GARNER ON THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA. its organs may be seen to be reversely disposed to those of the larger species, the heart being placed to the right, before the apex of the shell, and the rectum also on the same side. 3. Doris, 8^g. — The little Boris aspera swims, back downwards, on the surface of a glass of sea-water, copulates, and deposits its semicircular oothecae. The brain of the common Lemon Doris is of a fine orange colour, enveloped in a glandular matter, and is constituted by a complicated assemblage of ganglia: there are acoustic sacs and dark ocular spots upon it. There are six ganglia on the buccal mass, and about six or eight minute ones on the stomach. The anal sac appears to be a purple- or ink-bag ; and the so-called matrix is composed of a peculiar substance, swelling enormously in water, of which it renders a large quantity viscid, and being also coagulable by alcohol and bichloride of mercury, but not by heat. Spermatozoa were found in the genital vesicle, as well as in the epididymis and its caecum. The spines of the lingual plate are uniform, and in number about 10,000. 4. Apltsia, Sfc. — Aplysia has been before alluded to. Cuvier, in his generally beautiful drawings, has scarcely done justice to (5) lanthi/iia, nor to its beautiful float and ootheca; it is peculiar for its fins, and the disk at the back of the foot. With respect to Magilus, it should be removed from the (6) Tubuli- branchiata, its animal being a Purpura in structure, wdth a bent horny operculum, and a very long linear appendage on the right side of the head, leading to the supposition that the animals are of diiferent sexes, though there seem to be difficulties in the waj^ of sexual congress. In the specimen examined, the spire of the shell was not solidified ; the animal had a short proboscis, with rather bent subulate feelers, and eyes on the outside ; it had also a rich purple secretion near the rectum on the right side. 7. Teochus, Sfc, — Some of the species of Troclms surpass even Bmarginula in the beauty of their lingual apparatus. The renal organ opens into the bottom of the branchial cavity, contrary to its disposition in Helix and Lymnceus, w^here its exit is near the respi- ratory orifice. In Flanorhis, that part of the respiratory cavity receiving the excretions seems separated by an imperfect valve from the right portion. "With respect to the secretion of this organ, it consists, in both Gasteropoda and Lamellibranchiata, of nume- rous pellucid globular bodies, containing opaque earthy nuclei or granules, and presenting different appearances in Anodon (for instance), Cyclostoma, Succmum, and Helix. When these bodies are incinerated, lime is left, which in some cases appears to have been combined with oxalic acid. The little Merita litoralia presents ME. E. GAENEE ON THE SHELL-BEAEING MOLLUSCA. 41 the structure of the Turbonidse very prettily and in small compass, particularly in the very long spiral tongue. Delphinula has the fringed mantle and sides and very wonderfully armed tongue of the other Trochidse. Melania is of similar organization to our well- known JPaludina, the stomach compound, the mantle and bilobed head fringed, and the latter marbled like that of Faludina. Ampul- laria appears to be truly amphibious. 8. BucciNTJM, Sfc. — Natica presents much the same structure as the common Buccinum, but has a muscular disk anterior to the mouth, — a disposition, with some variations however, found in other moUusks. The first and second stomachs are at a distance from each other, the tongue is little developed, and the branchiae (often single in the Turbonidse) two in number. Purpura also diifers but little from Buccinum. Ovula is a less attainable mollusk : the foot is long and rather narrow, and subventral rather than sub- trachelian, with a sinuosity on the right of the neck, where also is a short hooked penis in the male, receiving a vas deferens from near the rectum behind ; there is a large and small branchia, and the reflected portion of the mantle is covered with tubercles and tentacles, — no doubt a fine garnish in the living animal ; the moutli has a muzzle, and there are small eyes on the external sides of the curved, awl-shaped tentacles; the elements of the tongue are beautifully toothed and serrated. 9. Ltmn^tjs, Sfc. — Of the air-breathing aquatic and (10) ter- restrial gasteropods the most interesting particulars are their generative organs, which the author proposes to re-examine. The brain of Helix aspersa is composed internally of pyriform or oval ganglionic vesicles, each giving origin to one or more nervous fibres. The acoustic sacs are similar to those of Boris. The nerves from the upper part of the ring are enveloped in a darkish neuri- lema, and comprehend no doubt olfactory, optic, and tactile twigs ; there being the buccal ganglia for taste, and the acoustic sacs for hearing; the twigs, however, forming the buccal or pharyngeal ganglia have a broad double root on each side, near the origin of the above three nerves. The lower part of the brain is very analogous to that of Sepia, giving off nerves to the foot, and external and internal respiratory ones to the mantle, respiratory opening, branchiae, &c. Lymnceus has the cephalic ring formed by about twelve ganglia, exclusive of two large and two minute ones on the buccal mass. The upper portion of the ring has gangli- onic swellings, but in other respects the nerves are as in Helix, Its lower portion consists of two pedal nerves, and has the 42 MR. 11. OARIS^ER ON THE SHELL-BEARING MOLLUSCA. acoustic spot and a minute ganglion upon it ; behind, this lower portion consists of five ganglia connected with both the anterior and upper swellings b j a cord, but separated from the former by the aorta, as usual, and giving nerves to the flanks, pulmonary orifices and sac, heart, stomach, and viscera. The lower ganglia are bright yellow. With respect to the Pteropoda, the branchiae in Hyalcea exist as a delicate membrane under the swollen part of the shell, in structure much like the same part in the Ascidians, the inlet being through the anterior opening of the mantle. There are eyes at the fold of the mantle behind, and two small tentacles above the mouth ; the heart and rectum being on the left side, and the generative opening at the base of the right ala. Cleodora is a very beautiful creature, with the same disposition and structure of viscera; brain-spots but no eyes were visible ; the mantle had beautiful muscular bands ; the branchiae as above ; the buccal apparatus is imperfect in both. Cleodora has similar membranous expansions with Hyalaa, and also a sort of triangular lip. Argonauta has a lachrymal pore before and beneath the eye. The beautiful and obvious respiratory mechanism in the Cephalo- poda needs not to be described. There is a large sac behind the viscera of the Argonaut, which opens on each side ; it is perhaps of some hydrostatic use. There are at least three pairs of salivary glands, of which four open on the floor of the mouth, and two or three at the commencement of the gullet. Several small shells of Pteropoda and fragments of Cephalopods were found in the sto- mach, on which was observed the large nervous ganglion found in all these, as well as in lower mollusks. The branchial nerves have each two ganglia, of which the last at the root of the branchiae is rounder than the other ; the branchial hearts have processes as in ^e]^ia. In Hepia two openings lead from the respiratory sac into the cavity containing the venae cavae and their secreting ap- pendages often imbued with glittering crystalline particles, and from the above cavities a wider opening on each side leads into a second sac further back, situated in front of the shell. There are auditory sacs in the Argonaut, The oviducts have separate open- ings, but originate together. Both ^e'pia and Argonauta are infested with a subcutaneous filiform entozoon, hooked anteriorly and rolled up spirally in the former. Loligo media and Sepiola have but one oviduct, and the two large, glandular, laminated organs, opening at their summits, are wanting in Argonauta and Octopus. In Sepiola one would almost think that copulation takes place, for the Mli.S.IIANLEY ON THE LIffNEAN MS. OF THE ' MUSEUM ULRICA.' 43 author has taken what he supposes to be the capsules of Need- ham, with dilated oval ends, tubular and bent pedicles or pro- cesses, enclosed elastic filaments, and adhering zoosperms, from the oviducts of the female : he has made the same observation also in Sepia. The latter has very similar male organs to Oc- topus, as described by Cuvier. In the embryo Sepia, the yelk enters below the mouth and opens into the upper stomach, but the beak of the animal also appears to be inserted' into it be- hind. The vitellus in reality therefore enters by the foot, as it does in Bulimus, and probably in all Bivalves. On the Liunean Manuscript of the ' Museum Ulricse.' By Stlvanus Hanley, Esq., E.L.S. [Read Dec. 3, 1858.] Not the least important result of the investigations of the Com- mittee appointed by the Linnean Society to examine the condi- tion of the collections and manuscripts of Linnaeus, was the redis- covery of a written copy of the ' Museum Ulricse.' The volume was manifestly, from internal evidence, a legible transcript of the original manuscript of that work, with alterations and interpola- tions in the peculiar handwriting of the author. It was, indubi- tably, the unpublished catalogue so often mentioned in the tenth edition of the ' Systema,' and contains descriptions of certain spe- cies alluded to as defined, yet, strangely enough, omitted in the printed edition. It is worthy of notice for many reasons : it cor- rects the frequent misprints ; explains the many fallacious allusions to preceding species, their sequence being very different ; it ex- hibits those early synonyms, which, culled from comparison with the actually described specimens, had been eventually supplanted by supposed better representations ; above all, it imparts to us those original headings, or diagnoses (condensed from the sub- sequent details), which had been suppressed, of old, in favour of those already published in the ' Systema.' This wholesale substitution, adopted by Linnaeus, as a ready method of avoiding a tedious revision of all the headings, when he absorbed in the more comprehensive groups of his ' Systema ' the members of manuscript genera he had determined to reject,involved a serious amount of confusion ; for, oftentimes, the species of the two works, although designated by the same appellations, were totally distinct ; and the combination of the diagnosis of the one with the details of the other displayed an array of features not known to be associated in any object in nature. 44 MR.S.HANLET ON THE LIKNEAN MS. OF THE * MUSEUM ULEICiE. The generic arrangement exhibited in the manuscript differs essentially from that which appeared in the final edition of his ' Systema Naturae.' As a whole, it is decidedly inferior, yet it se- gregates certain natural groups, such as Tvyra and Cassida, the value of which have been acknowledged by all modern naturalists. The following list and sequence of the genera comprised in it, can- not, indeed, be regarded as an entire system, for certain groups, viz., Chiton, Lepas, Teredo, Sabella, and the typical forms of M^i/a, Mactra, and Anomia, were not at that period represented in the Museum ; but it is not devoid of interest, since it manifests a trans- itional stage in the progressive advance to that matured scheme w^hich was finally elaborated in the pages of his revised ' Systema.' Dentalium. Haliotis. Patella. Nautilus. Nerita. Cymbium (=Argonauta). Helix. Spondylus. Turbo. Ostrea. Trochus. Pecten. Turricula. Area. Buccinum. Pinna. Lyra. Mytilus. Morion. Solen. Conus. Tellina. Voluta. Chama (not that of the S trombus (not that of the ' Systema'). * Systema'). Cunnus (=Yenus). Harpago (=Strombus). Pholas (not that of the Murex. ' Systema'). Cassida. Trunculus (=Donax). Cyprsea. Eucardium (=Cardium). Bulla. Besides the four genera {Chiton, Lejpas, Teredo, Sahella) that were excluded from this catalogue, either from the absence of speci- mens, or from mistrust of their being veritable Testacea, six of the remaining 32, namely, Fholas, My a, Mactra, Chama, Anomia, and Serpula, were likewise omitted, not being yet eliminated from So- len, Bucardium, Spondylus, Ostrea, and Dentalium. To counter- balance these, we find no less than eight subsequently abandoned groupings : Turricula (an undefined amalgam of the long-spired species of Btwcinum, Murex, and Stromhus) . Lyra (the Harpa and Purpura of the Lamarckian school). MB. S. HATfLET ON THE LINNEAN MS. OF THE ' MUSEUM ULBTC^.' 45 Morion (an unnatural compound of Ehurna^ Auricula proper, Pythia, &c.). Stro7nhus(a combination of the immature members of the received genus with JPyrula, Fasciolaria, and other allied forms) . Cassida (nearly the modern Cassis). Fecten (equal to Lima and Fecten). Ghama (the Tapes of recent conchologists) . Fholas (chiefly composed of Artemis and Lucind) . It may be remarked, moreover, that the simple univalves com- mence, and the bivalves close the series ; the exact converse of the order in which they are marshalled in the two principal editions of the * Systema Naturae.' I feel assured, after a careful study of the manuscript, that the names eventually allotted to the shells of the ' Museum ' did not result from a careful comparison of the royal specimens with the typical examples in the private collection of our author, but were attached to the species, either from the identity of the written and printed synonymy, or from the general accordance of their described features with the meagre characteristics enumerated in the prior publication. The erased nomenclature of the species, however, was very dis- similar, and was scrupulously based upon a supposed identity of the specimens with those delineated by Eumphius, Klein, and d'Argenville. Assuredly at that period of his career, our author entertained the same profound respect for the laws of priority which is professed by all modern naturalists ; and I hesitate not to affirm that, from the crude and inharmonious theories of his predecessors, he eliminated a system of Conchology that was better suited to the requirements of the age he lived in than any more elaborate arrangement would have been. For simplicity attracts the student, whom a more complex (even if more natural) method would repel ; and for the collection of an adequate mass of materials wherewith, eventually, to build up a more symmetrical and widely -based structure, a multitude of comparatively unskilled labourers is more efficacious than a small knot of the most erudite architects. Before inviting the attention of my readers to the original head- ings of the ' Museum TJlricse,' and to my brief account of the variations in the written copy from the text of the printed version, I must premise, that it has not been my practice invariably to notice, in the summary, such trifling difl"erences of construction as the preferential use of the ablative for the nominative case, where the verbal change involved no alteration of the precise meaning. 46 ME.S.HANLEY ON THE LINNEAN MS. OF THE 'MUSEUM ULKTC^.,' Museum Ludovic^ IlLEiciE Begins. CONCHTLIA. CHITON. LEPAS. Nothing relating to these two genera was found in the copy. PHOLAS. The Pholas of the manuscript is perfectly dissimilar to that of the * Systeraa.' Our author had evidently, when he first wrote the * Museum Ulricae,' not appreciated the remarkably striking characteristics of this group, having located the only species he then knew (for P. candidus seems a subsequent discovery) with the Salens. P. CANDIDUS. Not mentioned in the manuscript. P. CRISPATUS. SoL ovatus, obtusissimus, cardinis dente depresso ro- tundato. The Appendix to Lister was not cited ; " Habitat in Anglia, Suecia," was appended to the description, which in many respects was inferior to the published one. The account of the hinge was merely *' Cardo dente dila- tato rotundato extus excavato." MYA. The three incongruous forms assorted as MytE were not so united in the MS. ; the second being very properly placed with the Mussels, the other two ascribed to Solen. M. LUTRARiA. Sol. ovali-oblongus, cardine laterali dilatato semior- biculato. In lieu of the reference to Lister (whose work does not appear to have been consulted by our author at the period when this portion of his manu- script was written), plate 45, figure N, of Rumphius was quoted as illustra- tive. The published account of the hinge is much more complete than the written one, which was apparently drawn up from a worn specimen ; it ran as follows : " Cardo extus vix gibbus, intus constans laminis 2 semi- orbiculatis concavis introrsum spectantibus." By a slip of the pen, in my ' Ipsa Linnaei Conchylia,' I had termed Brown's figure of the Linnean Mya lutraria, L. ohlonga, instead of L. elliptica. M. PERN A. Myi. laevis, cardine terminali unidentato. The intended name was M. Magellanicus. M. VULSELLA. Sol. oblongus, lingUEeformis, cardine terminali dilatato semiorbiculato. " Pinna linguaformis subfalcata" was written after the reference to the ' Museum Tessinianum;' hence it seems that Linnaeus did not himself consider that he had used the binomial method in that work, or he would have quoted it as P. lingulata. " Rumph. 148. t. A%. f. a," and " Gualt. t. 90. f. h," were the impublished svnonvms. MR.S.HANLEY ON THE LINNEAN MS. OF THE ' MUSEUM ULRICjE.' 47 SOLEN. Testa valvulis utrinque hiantibus. Cardo dente imico inflexo recurvo. The Mya lutraria, M. vulsella, and Pholas crispatus were originally included in this genus. S. VAGINA. S. linearis rectus, cardinibus unidentatis. " Habitat in Indiae littoribus arenosis : in mari Rubro {Hasselquist)" was the recorded locality in the MS., where the European shell delineated by Gualtieri was not then included : " Klein, 163. t. 11. f. 65" (a copy from the cited figure of Rumphius) was its substitute. S. siLiQUA. S. linearis rectus, cardine altero bidentato. The wretched drawings of Argenville were not quoted ; but " Bonan. 2. f. 56 " (error for 67), " Plane, t. 3. f. 6," and " List. Ang. 192. t. 5. f. 37," were cited instead. S. ENSis. S. linearis subarcuatus, cardine altero bidentato. The final remark was not in the MS. S. CULTELLUS. y. MR. S. HANLEY ON TUE LINNEAN MS. OF THE ' MUSEUM ULRICJE.' 77 M. CAPiTELLUM. M. ecaudatus ovatus, columella rugosa, labio eden- tulo, superficie inermi rugosa. "Alba " followed "edentula", and ''Umbilicus ad basin" terminated the description in the original : the word " striis " was a subsequent intro- duction. M. TURBiNELLus. M. ecaudatus, turbinatus, columella dentata, spinis explicatis. The printed additions are " anteriores ", " nodulosa ", " alba"," Cauda vix ulla", and " Variat colore albo spira longiore ". M. Ceramicus. M. ecaudatus, utrinque acuminatus, columella dentata, spinis conicis. " Rumph. t. 49. f. L." was an unpublished synonym. M. NODUS. M. ecaudatus ovatus, labio denticulato. As " Gualt. t. 28. f. R." was quoted, and " aut nigris, conicis, obtusius- culis" (a character which probably belonged to some distinct species erroneously supposed to be a variety) was not inserted in the manuscript, I feel convinced that the Purpura hystrix of authors was the species designed in the * Museum Ulricae.' M. HYSTRIX. M. ecaudatus edentulus, fauce Isevi. M. MANCiNELLA. M. ccaudatus, edentulus fauce striata. This original heading, and the absence of the erroneous synonym from the MS., confirm the received opinion of the identity of the Museum species (not that of the 'Systema') with Purpura mancinella. M. HippocASTANUM. M. ccaudatus cdcntulus, faucc edentula integra, spinis serie triplici. Gualtieri's erroneously cited figure was not indicated in the manuscript. No specific name had been originally attached to the description. M. MELONGENA. M. ccaudatus edentulus fauce patula laevi, spinis serie duplici. " Bonan. 3. f. 186 " had been added to the synonymy by our author. The details were less copious than in the published edition, " apice solo acuminatus " being the meagre substitute for the entire description from " Spira " to the end. M. Ficus. Bui. caudata, striis reticulatis, spira obtusa. ** Pet. Amb. t. 6. f. 9 " was an omitted synonym. The shell described in the ' Museum ' was assuredly not t\\e ficus of most writers. M. RAP A. Bui. caudata, striis longitudinalibus, spira acuta. M. Fusus. Turric. caudata leevis, labio dentato. " Bonan. f. 121 " and the name had been added to the MS. by Linnaeus. M. Babylonius. Turric. caudata, transversim angulo sulcata, labio marginali versus basim sinu exciso. M. coLUS. Turric. caudata striata, labio exteriore crenato. The printed emendations were " longa " and " s. angulati." The name was added by Linnaeus. The following unnamed Turricula succeeded the species in the manuscript copy : — T. caudata striata, longitudinaliter sulcata. 78 MR. S. HANLEY ON THE LINNEAN MS. OF THE ' MUSEUM ULEICJ3.' Testa parva, striis plurimis secundum anfractus. Anfractus seabri, sulcis longitudinalibus 15. Color anfractuum superne griseus inferne pallidus. Apertura ovata. Rostrum baseos rectum, testae dimidio brevius. Labium tantum exterius integrum. An filia praecedentis ? M. MORio. Strom, spira subnodosa, labio exteriore intus rugoso. The synonymy, as might be expected (for Seba was unknown to Linnaeus when the descriptions were written), was not in the original. M. COCHLIDIUM. Strom, spira pyramidata, anfractibus planis. The reference to Seba, the name, and the " Cauda subulata, longitudine testse " were not present. M. CANALicuLATUS. Strom. spira subconvexa, anfractibus distantibus. The *' Anfractus distincti canaliculo per omnes spiras," the name, and the reference to Seba, were the printed additions. " Habitat in Canada. Kalm." was appended. M. Aruanus. Strom, incurvus spinosus ventricosus, angulo obsoleto. The objectionable name (for assuredly the Buccinum Aruanum of Rum- phius suits not " spinosus ") was not present in the original, but had sub- sequently been added by our author, who seems to have erased the original " Habitat in Canada. Kalm." I doubt not that Pyrula carica was in- tended. M. PERVERSUS. Strom, inversus. The wretched engraving of Gualtieri was not cited. M. Tritonis. Cas. pyramidalis laevis, columella dentata. "Bonan. 3. f. 188 " stood in the place of Seba. The printed additions were " plerisque", " et suturis variis alternis crassis", and the specific epi- thet. " Genus difficile eruitur " was written after the description, and the following note erased : — " Ad genus retuli ob labium interius adnatum in quibusdam latius, ob suturas verrucosas, ob caudam canaliculatam parum elevatam, ob labium postice dentatum, quae omnia affinitatem arguunt." The Triton nodiferus was probably designed by the following description, which succeeded that of M. Tritonis : — Cas. (corrected by Linnaeus to Murex) Neptuni. C. pyramidalis nodosa, columella dentata. Testa maxime facie statura et colore praecedentis. Anfractuum angulus summus nodis promiuentibus, unde et spira nodosa evadit, quod non in prsecedente. Apertura praecedentis. Labium interius magis dilatatum, maximeque planum. Columella non dentata. Habitat Constantinopoli. Edw. Carleson. M. TRAPEZIUM. Strom, spira nodosa, labio denticulato, columella rugosa. M. ALUCO. Turric. recurvirostra, spinosa, serie simplici. Gualtieri was not cited, and the reference was to *• N. Strombus tubero- sus" {Cerithium aluco), not O. (C nodulosum) of Rumphius. The inner lip was described as "non adnatum, sed prominens" : "s. fuscis", and ** Variat cauda recta, &c.", were not in the original. ME. S. HANLET ON THE LIITNEAN MS. OE THE ' MUSEUM ULRICiE.' 79 Besides the published species, the following had been written, but omitted in printing : — TuRRicuLA ALBA. T. alba recurvirostra, anfractibus margine crenu- latis. Bon. 3. t. 84. Rumph. t. 30. f. K. Pet. Gaz. t. 56. f. 4. d'Arg. Conch, t. 14. f. P. Gualt. Test. t. 57. f. D. Testa laevis. Anfractus circiter 15, margine subcrenati. Color albus, saepius saturatior ad marginem anfractuum. Apertura ovata, rostro cana- liculate, recurvo. Labium interius adnatum, dente unico obsoleto. This was evidently identical, from its synonymy, with the M. vertagus of the * Systema.' TuRRicuLA SENTicosA. T. reflexo-cmarginata, costis reticulatis. d'Arg. Conch, t. 12. f. O. Testa gibba, costis saepius 12 perpendiculari-obliquis, intertextis striis lamellosis transversis ad anastomosases muricatis, unde admodum scabra evadit. Anfractus ventricosi, saepius x. Color griseus. Apertura ovata, interne striata, emarginata, parum reflexa. Evidently this was identical with the M. senticosus of the * Systema.' M. OLEAGiNEUS. M. auguUs sulcis insequalibus, labio interiore rugoso, costis altemis. Gualt. Test. t. 49. f. G. d'Arg. Conch, t. 13. f. M. Habitus et structura rubeculee, at octies major, nee vivide pictus, sed colore testaceo fasciis fuscis longitudinalibus. Apertura intus saturate crocea, rugis albis. Apparently this was the Triton pileare of authors, — not the Mediterranean shell (T. corrugatus) termed M. pileare in the * Systema.' M. piLEUS Helveticus. M. angulis rotundatis, tuberculis conicis, apertura utrinque canaliculata. d'Arg. Conch, t. 12. f. D. Rumph. t. 28. f. D. Testa ovata, admodum inaequalis, adspersa nodis conicis tuberculatis inaequalibus. Costae latere antico membranaceae, primae 2 oppositae, reli- quae alternae. Color flavus. Apertura hians, antice etpostice canaliculatae, faux intus striata. Labium exterius dentatum, intus dilatato-membra- naceum. This suits very fairly the Triton lampas of authors ; far better, indeed, than does the M. Lampas of the * Museum Ulricae.' M. suBULATus. M. ecaudatus, pyramidahs. Testa subulata instar turris, anfractuum undecim, reticulata striis elevatis decussantibus punctis contignationem eminentibus. Costae oppositae et alternae. Color albus, maculis flavescentibus. Apertura ovata. Labium exterius crassum, intus dentatum. Interius dentato-glabrum. Both Triton ! maculosus and Ranella candisaia approach the ideal por- trait, yet neither of them precisely agrees. Under the name of Trochus turritus our author appears to have first described his Murex radula. Trochus exumbilicatus, pyramidatus, anfractibus duplici serie muricatis. Gualt. t. 58. f. F. 80 MB. S. HANLEY ON THE LINNEAN MS. OE THE * MUSEUM ULBICiE.* Testa elongata, flavescens s. testacea. Anfractus 16, connexi sutura crenulata, dorso duplici serie instructi punctis eminentibus pallidis. Aper- tura subtetragona, subtus in canalis rudimentum desinens. The Murex Neritoideus of the * Sy sterna ' was thus described. Lyra Neritoides. L. testa nodosa subrotunda. Gualt. Testa crassa, ponderosa, alba cum rubedine tincta, figura Neritae, mag- nitudine juglandis, cincta anfractibus 5 e nodis obtusis crassiusculis. La- bium interius depressum, longitudine pictum macula ferruginea. TROCHUS. Testa conica. Apertura quadrangularis, basi columella contorta, sinu descendens. The last five words had been substituted for " absque sinu evidente." T. MACULATUS. T. coutorto-umbilicatus conicus, vertice subnodoso. The printed description and the synonymy are so veiy dissimilar to the written one, that I entertain no doubt that an early definition of T. Nilo- ticus {with references to "Olear.Mus. t. 9. f. 5" and "Bonan. 3. f. 102") was transmuted into that of a granular species, by the addition of " quasi granis exasperata," &c. T. SOLARIS was not mentioned in the manuscript. T. PERSPECTivus. T. crenato-umbilicatus convexus obtususi margine acuto. "Bonan. 3. f. 27, 28 " was quoted, as illustrative : "costa crenata", not *' costa concava", was the earlier reading. T. HYBRIDUS. T. crenato-umbilicatus, convexus, undique obtusus. The proposed name was T. spurius. The " absque carina, rotundata " was " absque angulis, glabra" : " albo, flavoque " preceded " variegata". T. Pharaonius. T. umbilicatus subovatus striatus, punctis globu- losis, labio dentato. " Habitat in mari rubro, frequens. D. Hasselquist." was written : the final remark was absent. T. Magus. T. umbihcatus convexo-conicus nodosus. The '* cinereo nebulosa " was a manuscript emendation by Linnajus. T. muricatus. Except' that "obverse" precedes "ovata", both the diagnosis and the details are precisely similar to the printed account. T. scaber. T. umbilicatus subovatus, sulcis alternis majoribus moni- liformibus. The erroneous figure of d'Argenville was not cited in the original, nor, indeed, was any name attached to the description. The whorls were said to number from 6 to 8 (not 4 or 5) ; and the aperture was termed " ovata," not " subrotunda." " Pallida ", the final remark, and the present con- struction and enlargement of the passage relative to the inner lip (which at first ran thus, " Labium posticum coadunatum, sinu postico excisum "), had been added by Linnaeus himself. ME. S. IIAT^LEY 01^ THE LINNEAK MS. OF THE * MUSEUM ULEIC^.' 81 T. LABio. T. exumbilicatus ovatus striato-tuberculatus, labio dentato. The erroneous figure of d'Argenville was not cited ; " variegata " was the earlier reading of " marmorata"; "aliquot" of " et punctis"; "ex- terao " of " margine". Linnaeus himself had enlarged the account of the inner lip from the earlier " postice sinu excisum " to its present length. T. zizYPHiNUS. T. umbilicatus conicus, striis papillosis. This is clearly not the imperforated zizypUnus of the ' Systema/ Gualtieri was not referred to ; " ambitu marginati ", and " in aliis clausus", were not in the copy : " columella parum obliqua " was an addition in the Linnean handwriting. T. TELESCOPiuM. T. cxumbilicatus pyramidatus, striis cxaratus; labio postice recurvato, spirali, integro. " Bon. 92", and " Klein 26. Pseudotrochus striatus", were the additional synonyms of the MS. T. DOLABRATUS. T. umbiUcatus, labio postico recurvato sulcato, ovato- pyramidalis, glaber. The whorls were at first called imbricated. The " basis rotundata", and " in superioribus vero unica*', had been added by Linnaeus. TURBO. Testa conica. Apertura orbicularis, Integra. T. PERSONATus. T. cxumbilicatus inermis convexus, labio postice diducto. The I of the reference to Rumphius was a misprint for the written 1. A drawing of Gualtieri (t. 64. f. O), which accords not with the description of this species, was an additional synonym. The name had been added subsequently. Turbo cidaris agrees in most respects. T. PETHOLATUS. T. cxumbiUcatus ovatus laevis, anfractibus sursum obsolete angulatis. The written version furnishes us with the additional synonyms of " Gualt. t. 64. f. F.", and "Klein 40. t. 2. f. 51." ; the latter (also cited in the ' Sy- stema ') was added by our author when he admitted the at first excluded 5. 6 of the synonym of Rumphius. The admission of the rounded-whorled variety ? was evidently an after-thought. T. CHRYSOSTOMUS. T. exumbilicatus subovatus rugosus striatus, spinis fornicatis. " Klein 41. t. 7. f- 126 " (cited in the * Systema '), and the printed "in superiore serie majoribus " . had been added by Linnaeus in the original account. T. tectum-Persicum. T. exumbilicatus subovatus, spinis iabtusis reflexis, subtus papillosus. " Forte sola varietas sequentis a loco " has b,een remarked by our author, who did not admit in his MS, the deceptive figure of d'Argenville. T. PAGODUS. T. exumbilicatus conicus spinis obtusis concatenatis, subtus papillose striatus. LINN. PEOC. — ZOOLOGY. 6 82 MB.S.HANLEY ON THE LINNEAN MS. OF THE 'MUSEUM ULEIC^.' Neither " acuminata", nor the inappropriate " rotundata", were in the original account of this well-known species. T. CALCAR. T. exumbilicatus depressus, anfractibus supra spinis for- nicato-compressis scabris. To his printed synonyms Linnaeus has added " Gualt. t. 65. f. N. P.", " List. Hist. t. 608. f. 46", and "Klein t. 1. f. 27". The "fornicatis" was an emendation. T. MARMORATUS. T. cxumbilicatus subovatus nodosus laevis. T. PICA. T. urabilicatus Isevis conicus denticulo urabilicali. " Habitat in Barbados, Jamaica", which corrects the stated locality of the ' Systema,* and "Bonan. 29, 30", "Pet. Gaz. t. 70. f. 9", were the additional particulars of the manuscript copy. T. ARGYROSTOMUS. T. umbilicatus subovatus, striatus lineis dorsalibus. The erroneous references to Gualtieri and d'Argenville, were not present : " OS argenteum variegatum " was written after the reference to Rumphius, which name belongs to figure 3, not to 4, whose colouring, moreover, ex- cludes it from being illustrative. The intended specific name was " os variegatum." T. MARGARiTACEUS. T. exumbilicatus subovatus, (? angulo) dorsali elevato, ore postice diducto. Rumphius was not referred to in the original, where " subtilissimis " was in the place of " variis " : the printed " margine albo " was a subsequent emendation. T. DELPHINUS. T. umbilicatus depressus hispidus, spinis ramosis. " Pet. Amb. t. 3. f. 1 ", and "Grew Mus. 1. 11. f. 5, 6", were also cited. T. DiSTORTUS. T. umbilicatus muricatus undique spinulis brevibus. The final remark was not in the original. T. scALARis. T. cancellatus conicus, anfractibus distantibus. "Pretium immensum, ssepe 100 ducatorum", was the final remai'k in- stead of the printed one. " Pet. Amb. t. 2. f. 9 ", was an additional synonym in the written version. T. CLATHRUS. T. cancellatus pyramidatus, anfractibus contiguis Isevibus. All the synonyms of the tenth edition of the ' Systema,* together with " Johnst. t. 11, f. 9", were present in the MS., but most of them, together with the final remark, had been subsequently added to the copy by our author. T. CRENATUS. T. cancellatus pyramidatus, anfractibus contiguis supra crenatis. The details of the ' Museum ' were refeired to before their publication. " Pyramidalis " was the earlier reading for " turrita" ; " ssepe " was absent : " transversim " preceded " crenati." T. UVA. T. cancellatus ovatus, anfractibus contiguis imbricatis. " Pet. Gaz. t. 27. f. 2. Olivaris " was the unpublished additional syn- onym, and the intended name was borrowed from that work. " Longitu- dinalibus " was " transversis " in the copy, where " ut latus planum non conspiciatur exterius distincta linea " terminated the account of the volu- tions : the colouring (" alba ") was not indicated. MR. S. HANLET OF THE LINNEAN MS. OF THE ' MUSEUM ULRICJ3.' 83 T. CORNEUS. T. umbilicatus, anfractibus teretibus decussatim striatis, oris margine reflexo. The " s. cornea", the name, and the " vix manifeste " had been added to the original account, which latter was referred to previous to its publica- tion. T. iMBRicATUS. T. pyramidalis, anfractibus deorsum subimbricatis. The " prsecedentibus tribus", here mentioned, were not those which the species now follows, but nos. 358, 359, 360, after which it was placed in the MS. "Grisea" had been added by Linnaeus. T. REPLICATUS. The entire account of this shell was interpolated in the MS. by Linnaeus. T. ACUTANGULUS. T. pyramidalis, sulco unico acuto majore. The last four words of the details were written subsequently to the earlier description, to which no name was then appended. T. DUPLICATUS. T. pyramidahs, sulcis 2 acutis. "Bonan. 3. f. 114", and "List. 160. t. 3. f. 7", were additional syn- onyms ; both, however, were quoted in the * Systema.* The "color albus ", and the term " obtusiores ", were in the Linnean handwriting. T. TEREBRA. T. pyramidatus, sulcis 6 acutis. " Bonan. 3. f. 115" was in the place of the doubtful figure of Ruraphius ; the indicated colouring was simply "pallida" : the "obsoletum" was an afterthought. HELIX. Testa cochleata, laevis. Apertura subrotunda segmento circuli exempto. Except scarabceus and amarula, the members of this genus were located in the same group as in the published edition. H. scARAB^us. Morion ovatus subanceps, labio utroque tridentato. The " ovata, adeo" has replaced the earlier "ita", and "angulata" the original " articulata". The account of the aperture was not inserted in the manuscript, wherein " List. Hist. 577- f. 31 ", and " Klein 11. 1. 1 . f. 23", had been inserted in the Linnean handwriting. H. LAPiciDA. H. marginata perforata convexa carinata. "Cincta" was a press emendation. The only written synonym was "Faun. Suec. 1298". H. ocuLus-CAPRi. H. marginata perforata subcarinata. *' Pet Gaz. t. 7^' f. 6. " was indicated as a synonym. The name was Latinized from the " I'ml de bouc " of d'Argenville, who has, however, represented an utterly difi"erent shell. H. CAROCOLLA. H. submargiuata imperforata carinata, labio interiore recto. D'Argenville's figure was, evidently, not at first considered sufficiently illustrative to be referred to : it was not cited in the written copy. " Co- nicoplaniuscula " was the reading for " convexa", " segmento circuli " (the 5 without any sequence was absurd) for " semiovata " : the size, as usual, was not given. 6* 81 MR. S. HANLEY ON THE LINNEAN MS. OF THE ' MUSEUM ULEICJ3.' H. coRNU-MiLiTARE. H. marginata imperforata subcarinata, labio interiore explanato. The deceptive figure of Gualtieri was not at first cited. H. CORNEA. H. marginata convexa umbilicata, spira plana. ** Faun. Suec. 1304 " was in place of the reference to * Lister's English Conchology,' a work apparently unknown to our author when he first drew up the Museum Catalogue. I doubt the identity of this shell (the intended name for which was tahellaris) with the cornea of the * Systema.' H. coRNU-ARiETis. H. utriuquc depressa. '* List. Hist. t. 136. f. 40 " was written by our author in the manuscript copy. H. AMPULLACEA. H, subrotunda, sursum ventricosior glabra. The original reading of " anfractus superne ventricosi " was " abdomen superne ventrioosius ". The erroneous reference to Gaultieri was not at first attached to the description. The species of the Museum was evidently distinct from that of the ' Systema.' H. GLAUCA. H. subrotunda acuminata, labro postice marginato. H. ciTRiNA . H. umbilicata convexa obtusa. The final remark was an afterthought. H. ARBUSTORUM. H. marginata perforata convexo-acuminata, ore sub- orbiculari, margine duplici, antice elongato. "Faun. Suec. 1295" was the only synonym; the work of Lister on English Conchology not having been at first known to Linnaeus. H. UNGULINA. H. marginata perforata spiralis convexa, ore subor- biculato. The " Gualt." was a misprint for the written " Rumph." H. LUTARIA. H. ovata-oblonga umbilicata, interne coloratiore. " Habitat frequens in lutosis fluviis, lacubus." May not the Valvata piscinalis be the shell intended ? H. PERVERSA. H. ovato-oblonga subperforata glabra. "Pet. Gaz. t. 44. f. 7", and "Grew. Mus. t. 10. f.9'% citedin the *Sy- stema', were also referred to in the MS. " Alba", and "in quibusdam ", were interpolations in the Linnean handwriting : H. sulphur at a was the intended designation. H. lANTHiNA. H. subrotunda obtusa patula diaphana. The entire account of this beautiful shell was written by Linnaeus sub- sequently to the labours of his amanuensis : the twelve last printed words were not present. The cited figure of Gualtieri was not admitted, as a re- presentation, but only alluded to in the final remark of " Confer Gualt. t. 64. f. O." " List. Hist, t, 572. f. 23", and " Sloan. Jam. 2. p. 239. t. 1. f. 4 " were indicated as delineations. H. NEMORALIS. H. " Habitat ubique in Europae nemoribus ", and " Argen. t. 32. f. 8", were the unprinted additions. Lister's English Conchology was not, of course, mentioned. " Flavescens", and " nigro-purpurascens ", were not in the original. MR. S. HANLET ON THE LINNEAN MS. OF THE ' MUSEUM ULRICA.' 85 H. HiEMASTOMA. H. imperforata subrotunda fusca fascia longitudinali subrecta alba, ore purpureo. H. DECOLLATA. H. eloDgata Isevis truncato-miitilata. "Pet. Gaz. t. 66. f. 1", and "Habitat in Arabia. Hasselquist. Santa Cruz. Petiv." were the unprinted additions. The entire account was in the handwriting of our author. H. AMARULA. Nerita edentula oblonga, anfractibus multifariam den- ticulatis. Our author was evidently puzzled as to the generic position of this pecu- liar-looking shell, for he has written " Habitu accedit ad Volutas vesper- tiliones, ore Helicibus, sed labium interius planum, et affinitas cum ante- cedent! fiat, ut hie relinquatur." The preceding shell alluded to was N. corona. H. Neritoidea. H. convexa longitudinaliter striata. The erroneous reference to Gualtieri was not present in the written copy. H. perspicua. H. convexo-ovata, labio interiore nuUo, apertura ad apicem usque pervia. The then unpublished details of both this and the preceding were re- ferred to in the tenth edition of the * Systema.' Patens was the proposed specific appellation. H. haliotoidea. H. depresso-planiuscula obtusissima, ore ovali dilatato. None of the cited figures were at first accepted by our author, who only added that of Rumphius to the earlier description, and wholly omitted the rest. " Transverse " preceded " striata ". NERITA. Testa subrotunda, obtusa. Labium interius planum, transversim trunca- tum, depressum. The generic arrangement was similar to that of the printed version. N. canrena. N. edentula umbilicata, spira mucronata, labio reflexo bifido. When Linnaeus first described this shell, under the appellation of N. musica, he did not admit a single one of the cited figures as illustrative. N. GLAuciNA. N. edentula convexa, umbilico simplici semiclauso gib- boso dicolore. None of the deceptive figures were at first referred to, but had been added at a subsequent period ; and that of Rumphius again erased. N. luteola was the intended name. N. ALBUMEN. iV. edentula subrotunda, umbilico teretiusculo. The present heading agrees with the subsequent details, which could not be affirmed of the printed one borrowed from the ' Systema.* The MS., in some degree, clears up the extraordinary confusion in which the Linnean species was enveloped. There were two N. albumens in the written copy. The shell here described (assuredly not the lobed albumen of the ' Systema ') was originally termed hepatica or luteola (for both had been erased). The true albumen was described as " edentula subrotunda, umbilico subcordaf/). 86 MR. S. HANLEY ON THE LTNNEAN MS. IN THE ' MUSEUM ULEIC-ai.' labri interioris lobo explanato " and the only figure referred to was "Rumph. t. 22. f. B." "Klein 13. Platystoma vitellum compressum" was also mentioned. This description was suppressed, and the other species retained, with the erroneous designation, and the faulty synonymy, attached. Nor was this the only change. In order to include the Natica vitellus of authors (" Rumph. t. 22. f. A. Valvata laevis prima s. vitellus " had been quoted by our author) the " aut lutea", " aut maculis albis ", had been added to the earlier description : so, likewise, had been " Apertura rotundata, semi- cordata", and **glabrum,planiusculum, nitidum." I suspect, then, that whilst the ideal of the albumen of the * Systema * was any hemispherical or flattened Natica with a labial lobe (such as Nat. albumen, didyma, olla, Sfc), the albumen of the * Museum', as printed, was composed of Natica rufa ("Rumph. 22. f. D.''was quoted in the MS.) and vitellus (for A, not B, of Rumphius was the letter indicated in the MS.). N. MAMMILLA. The entire account of this common shell was added in the Linnean handwriting. The inappropriate " aut lutea " was not at first present. N. CORONA. N. edentula, simpUci spira spinosa. " Pet. Amb. t. 3. f. 4.", a mere copy of the Rumphian figure, was also quoted. The 19 in the reference to d'Argenville was a misprint for the written 10. N. spinosa was the intended designation. N. RADULA. JV. edentula sulcata, tuberculis aequalibus. The valvata granulata of Rumphius (t. 22. f. M.) was referred to as illus- trative. N. CORNEA. JV. edentula, obsolete striata. N. BIDENS. iV. "Obsoletis" followed "duobus": the name had been written subse- quent to the description. N. viRGiNEA. N. subedentula ovata laevis. " Dentibus pluribus minutissimis " preceded "oris"; "Pet. Gaz. t. 11. f 3" was in the place of the delusive figure of d'Argenville : the variety d was a subsequent addition. N. POLiTA. N. laevis, labiis dentatis. The 1 in the synonym of Rumphius was a misprint for the written I. N. PELERONTA. N. Striata, labiis dentatis, interiore planiusculo rugoso. The erroneous synonym was added, along with the name peleronta, to the written details : N. rufa was the original appellation. N. ALBiciLLA. N. striata, labiis subdentatis, interiore tuberculato. N. HiSTRio. N. sulcata, transversim striata, labio interiore dentato. The name, and the synonym, were added by Linnaeus to the written details. N. PLICATA. N, sulcata, labiis profunde dentatis, interiore rotundato, exteriore utrinque dentibus acutis conicis. The variety alluded to was a subsequent addition. The details of the * Museum ' had been quoted, in anticipation, for this species. N. GROSS A. iV. sulcata labiis dentatis, interiore convexo rugoso. ME. S. HANLET ON THE LINNEAN MS. IN THE ' MUSEUM TJLEICJG.' 87 N. CHAMiELEON. N. sulcata, labiis dentatis, interiore rugoso tuber- culato. "Habitat in Banda", and " compositis '* after "subtilissirais", are the unprinted additions, N. UNDATA. N. sulcata, labiis dentatis, interiore rugoso, tuberculato. The erroneous figure of Gualtieri was not cited when the description was drawn up, but added to the details, along with " confluentibus. Spira acuta prominens '*, when the present name was substituted for the earlier nebulata. N. EXUVIA. N. sulcata, labiis dentatis, interiore denticulato. HALIOTIS. Testa univalvis, patens, convexa. Spira obsoleta, lateralis. Foramina lateralia pervia. H. MiD^. H. subrotunda, utrinque nitida. Humana was the intended specific appellation. H. TUBERCULATA. H. subovata, rugis transversis tubereulatis. The reference to Lister was an emendation. H. STRIATA. H. ovata, transversim rugosa, longitudinaliter striata. No name was attached to either this or any member of the genus, except the first. H. VARIA. H. ovata, striis longitudinalibus, majoribus tubereulatis. H. MARMORATA. H. ovata, striis longitudinalibus, transversis obsoletis. H. AsiNiNA H. oblonga, extra foramina angulata, striis elevatis. H. PARVA. H. ovata, angulo inter foramina et spiram. All the headings in this genus are similar to those in the ' Sy sterna '. PATELLA. Testa conica, convexa. Spira regularis nulla vera. The limits of this genus were precisely those of the printed edition. P. EauESTRis. P. ungue fornicali nutante. P. NERiTOiDEA. P. Integra ovata, apice subspirali, labio laterali. " Supra " preceded " convexa ", and the " fere " was before " apice ". P. CHiNENSis. P. conica latior Isevis, labio intemo laterah. This was an addition to the original catalogue. P. PORCELLANA. P. basi intcme labiata, pone mucronato-subspiralis. P. CREPiDULA was not mentioned in the manuscript. P. SACCHARINA. P. margiuc sinuato, carinata, costis 7- "Pet, Amb. t. 3. f. 3", and "Klein 117. t. 8. f. 4", were additional synonyms : both are in the * Systema.' P. BARBARA. P. dcutata, costis 19 elevatis. P. GRANULARis. P. margine dentato, striis elevatis mucronibus im- bricatis. The erroneous reference to Gualtieri was not in the original. P. GRANATiNA. P. margiuc angulato, striis 11 Isevibus. " Interius" was the earlier reading of "subtus". 88 MR. S. HANLEY ON THE LINNEAN MS. IN THE ' MUSEUM ULEICiE.' P. TUBERCULATA. P. dcntata conica tuberculata, postice sima. Sima was the earlier name in the MS., but was erased by Linnaeus. P. LUTE A. P. integerrima striata, vertice mucronato inflexo. P. UNGUIS. P. ovali-oblonga, apice emarginata, muerone dorsali carinato. Unguiformis was the intended appellation. P. TESTUDINARIA. P. ovata glabcrrima integerrima. P. RUSTICA. P. integra, striis 60 obtusiusculis. P. FUSCA. P. ovata integerrima, striis elevatis, vertice obtuso. The intended name was cinereo-nigricans. P. CRUCIATA. P. ovalis convexa integerrima, cruce picta. P. RETICULATA. P. conica corapressa, superficie reticulata. The suggestion I have elsewhere made that this uncertain shell might prove the European Pedicularia, induces me to remark that, although P. Sicula has been supposed to be a comparatively modern discovery, Favanne had long ago delineated it in the fourth plate (f. H. 1.) of his enlarged edition of d'Argenville. P. NiMBOSA. P. conica ovalis, costis confei-tis, vertice perforate. The discrepancy between the heading borrowed from the ' Systema', and the after details, is removed by the substitution of the original one. The shell was termed perforata (not nimbosa), and was wrongly identified by Linnaeus with the striated brown Fissurella of the * Systema'. In addition to the printed species, the two following were present in the manuscript copy. P. SOLARIS. P. ovata integerrima, striis subnodosis, vertice acutiusculo. Testa ovata, diaphana, magnitudine extimi articuli digiti, margine inte- gerrimo, Isevis, striis subtilissimis insequalibus numerosissimis, fasciis lon- gitudinalibus rubris albo passim maculatis. Mucro acutiusculus obhquus albidus. This was placed in the section having a simple margin. P. PERFOLIATA. P. couica, rccliuata, perfoliata. Testa magnitudine coryli nucis, conica, sed cono retro inclinato, acutis- sima, alba, imbricata lamellis horizontaliter testam cingentibus. Margo integer, ovalis, antrorsum gibbus s. dilatatus. Cavitas profunde glabra. This description very fairly suits the Patella antiquata of the twelfth edition of the * Systema*. DENTALIUM. Testa univalvis, subcylindrica, utrinque aperta. Spira regularis nulla. Although the Serpulce were intermingled, it is clear that they did not accord with the above definition. D. ELEPHANTiNUM. D. subulatum subarcuatum, angulatum. The synonymy of the tenth edition was appended. Lister excepted ; the erroneous 13 of the reference to the Gazophylaceum was erased. Dens elephantis was the proi)Osed trivial name. ME. S. HANLEY ON THE LINNEAN MS. IN THE ' MUSEUM ULEIC^.' 89 D. ENTALis. D. subulato-cylindricura, subarcuatuin. The terminal details were not furnished. D. dentalium was the intended appellation. SERPULA. In the original version of the * Museum Ulricae/ the members of this genus are not separated from the Dentalia (a proof, among many others, of the early date of this catalogue). Linnaeus, however, when revising the transcript, had meditated the withdrawing of S. arenaria and lumbri- calis, and constituted for them a nameless genus with the following definition : — Testa tubulosa, isthmis concamerata, dissepimentis integris, nee per- foratis, s. communicantibus. This genus would have been the equivalent of the modern Vermetiis. S. TRIQUETRA. D. triquctrum, adhaerens. The reference to Gualtieri (whose figure was somewhat uncertain, yet probably designed for Vermilia triquetra) was queried. The proposed name was D. parasiticum. S. CONTORTUPLICATA. D. tcrctiusculum, depressum, rugosum. There was at first no name to the description of this shell ; but it was added in the handwriting of Linnaeus. S. GLOMERATA. JD. tcrcs glomcratum. The ' decussato-rugosa ' of the * Systema *, applicable to the * Vermetus subcancellatus'y the shell designed in that work, was not inserted. Gualtieri's figure is that of Vermetus glomeratus, for the colouring of which * alba ' would be a most inappropriate term. S. LUMBRicALis. D. spira divaricata teretiusculum, integrum. D'Arg. t. 29. f. 1. was an additional synonym, S. ARENARIA. JD. tcrcs rcctiusculum intestiniforme. Despite the name borrowed from Rumphius, the Vermetus gigas was the object defined in the tenth edition of the * Systema*. The absence from the manuscript of the reference to Gualtieri's drawing of that shell, and " rcctiusculum " in the written diagnosis, confirms the conclusion pre- viously arrived at, that the Septaria arenaria of authors was the species intended in the * Museum Ulricse ' : it was subsequently termed S, poly- thalamia by Linnaeus. The delusive " subangulata " of the supposititious diagnosis was of course absent. The V. gigas was probably intended by the following unpublished de- scription. D. INTESTINIFORME. D. tcrcs flexuosum intestiniforme. Testa rudis crassitie digiti et ultro, flexuosa vario modo in diversis, integra, intus laevis. S. ANGUINA. ' The two very dissimilar Siliquarics united under this appellation in the ' Museum Ulricae,' were originally held distinct. The prickly variety was the unpublislied type, and was thus defined : — 90 ME. WALKER ON DIPTEBA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAE. D. ANGUiNUM. D. spira insequali angulata aculeata, sulco longitudinal! perforata. Rumph. 125. t. 41. f. H. Solen anguinus. Lang. Test. 6. Tubulus vermicularis crista dentata. Testa albida, teretiuscula, angulis 9 obsoletis. . Anfractus inaequales, nunc confertiores, nunc remotiores. Sulcus longitudinalis in superiore latere perforatus serie punctorum. Spinse breves, fomicata ad angulos in latere inferiore. Condensation, that peculiar faculty of the mental organization of Lin- ngeus, induced him to suppress this description, and attach the species, as a variety, to the form he had simultaneously characterized as D. spira elongata, teretiusculum, inerme, fissura longitudinali. Gualt. test. 10. f. z. To this latter the published details belong, except the expression " pas- sim concatenata et quasi poris pertusa " (which was a subsequent and fal- lacious addition), and the account of the variety. S. PENIS. D. teres, extremitate radiata disco cylindris poroso. " Bonan. i. f. 38.", indicated in the tenth edition of the * Systema ', was among the synonyms. The " Stigma, &c." was an addition ; so too were " Isevis," " tubulosis ", and " sequalibus". The term " hemisphaerico " has replaced the earlier " convexo." In addition to the published species, the S. Spirorbis of the * Systema ' appears to have been indicated as D. PLANORBE. D. spira plana, adhaerens. It. W. Goth. 170. Dentalium testa spirali plana adhserente. Plane. Conch. 13. n. 3. Vermiculus in littore Veneto foliis algae ad- haerens. Testa minima, magnitudine nuper ab ovo exclusae cochleae, cujus formam omnino gerit, at plana omnino est, et altero latere omnino fuci foliis ad- haeret. This was evidently diflferent from the Serpula planorhis of the * Systema.* Catalogue of the Dipterous Insects collected at Makessar in Celebes, by Mr. A. B. Wallace, with Descriptions of New Species. By Teangis Walkee, Esq , E.L.S. (Read June 2nd, 1859.) Fam. CTJLICIDiE, Haliday. Gen. Megaehina, JDesvoidy. V 1. Megarhina iMMiSERicoRS, n. s. Mas. Nigra, squamosa, capite thoraceque viridibus, hujus disco cupreo, proboscide palpis pedibus- que purpureis, femoribus subtus fulvis, tarsis intermediis albo bifas- ME. WALKEE ON DIPTEEA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAE. 91 ciatis, tarsis posticis albo unifasciatis, pectore argenteo, abdomine cyaneo fasciculis lateralibus albis subapicalibus nigris apicalibus aura- tis, alis subcinereis apud costam nigricantibus. Male. Black. Head and thorax with green metallic scales ; disc of the latter with cupreous scales. Proboscis, palpi, and legs purple ; femora tawny beneath ; middle tarsi with two white bands ; hind tarsi with one white band. Pectus silvery. Abdomen blue, widening from the base to the tip, with small white tufts of hairs along each side ; four larger black subapical tufts, two gilded apical tufts. Wings slightly greyish, blackish along the costa i veins black. Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 8 lines. Gen. CiTLEx, lAnn. 2. CuLEX OBTUBBANS, n. s. Fcsm. Nigricans, thoracis disco fusco, abdomine eupreo apice viridescente, gutta subapicali alba, fasciis ven- tralibus latis albis, pedibus subcupreo squamosis, femoribus subtus albis, alis cinereis. Female. Blackish. Proboscis pale ; its sheaths dark, longer than the thorax. Disk of the thorax with brown tomentum. Abdomen with cupreous tomentum, and with a slight greenish tinge towards the tip ; a white subapical dot ; underside with broad white bands. Legs with a cupreous tinge ; femora whitish beneath. Wings grey ; veins black, fringed. Length of the body 2f lines ; of the wings 4^ lines. 3. CuLEX iMPATiBiLis, H. s. Mus. Subcupreo-nigcr, capite albopunc- tato, pectore albo guttato, abdomine fasciis interruptis albis, genubus albis, femoribus posticis albis apice nigris, tarsis intermediis basi albis, tarsis posticis albo bifasciatis, alis cinereis. Male. Black, with a very slight cupreous tinge. Head with shining white points. Sheaths of the proboscis dark tawny, longer than the thorax. Pectus with shining white dots. Abdomen with interrupted shining white bands, which are most complete beneath. Knees white ; hind femora white, with black tips ; middle tarsi white at the base ; hind tarsi with two white bands. Wings cinereous ; veins black, fringed. Length of the body 2 lines ; of the wings 3 lines. / 4. CuLEX IMPELLENS, n. s. F(Bin. Fuscus, subtus testaceus, probos- cide nigricante albo-fasciato, pedibus pallidis, femoribus albidis apice obscurioribus, tarsorum articulis basi albis, alis cinereis. Female. Brown, testaceous beneath. Proboscis blackish, with a white band, a little longer than the thorax. Legs with pale reflections ; femora whitish, with darker tips ; joints of the tarsi white at the base. Wings grey ; veins black, fringed. Length of the body 2| lines ; of of the wings 4 Unes. Gen. Anopheles, MeAgen. 6. Anopheles vanus, n.s. Mas. Cinereo-fuscus, gracihs, antennis 92 MB. WALKEE ON DIPTERA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAR. late plumosis, pedibus testaceis longis gracillimis, tarsorum articulis basi albis, alls subcinereis antice nigro punctatis. Male. Cinereous brown, slender. Proboscis full half the length of the body. Palpi nearly half the length of the body. Antennae broadly plumose. Legs testaceous, long, very slender; joints of the tarsi white at the base. Wings slightly cinereous, with black points on the fore part ; veins black, fringed. Length of the body 2^ lines ; of the wings 4 lines. Fam. TIPULID^, Haliday. Gen. LiMNOBiA, Meigen. The following species, in the structure of the wing-veins, does not accord with any of Meigen 's divisions of the genus. The mediastinal vein ends at about three-fourths of the length of the wing; the subcostal ends at seven-eighths of the length, and is connected with the radial by a transverse veinlet at its tip ; the radial, the cubital, and the 1 st and the 3rd externo-medial are long and of equal length ; the 2nd externo-medial springs from the 1st, at one-fourth of its length; the 3rd externo-medial is connected by a transverse veinlet near its base with the subanal. 6. LiMNOBiA iMPONENS, u. s. Ochracca, palpis antennisque nigri- cantibus, his thoracis dimidio brevioribus, thorace antico valde elon- gato et attenuato, abdomine piceo, alis subcinereis longis angustis, stigmate nigricante longissimo, halteribus piceis basi testaceis. Ochraceous. Proboscis, palpi, and antennae blackish, the latter moni- liform setaceous, not half the length of the thorax. Thorax much elon- gated and attenuated in front. Abdomen piceous. Wings greyish, long narrow ; veins black, testaceous at the base and along the costa from the base to the stigma, which is blackish and very long ; halteres piceous, testaceous at the base. Length of the body 7 (?) lines ; of the wings 16 lines. Glen. TiPXTLA, lAnn, 7. TiPULA INFINDENS, u. s. FcRm. Fusca, capite apud oculos subtus- que cinereo, antennis basi testaceis thorace brevioribus, thorace vittis quatuor ochraceis, abdominis apice ochraceo, pedibus fulvis longis- simis, femoribus apice fuscis, alis cinereis apud costam luridis. Female. Brown. Head cinereous about the eyes and beneath. An- tennae setaceous, submoniliform, testaceous at the base, shorter than the thorax. Thorax with a slight cinereous tinge, and with four dull ochraceous stripes. Abdomen ochraceous at the tip. Legs tawny, slender, very long ; tips of the femora brown. Wings cinereous, lurid along the costa to the stigma, which is brown ; veins black, tawny at the base. Length of the body 10 lines; of the wings 24 lines. MB. WALKEE ON DIPTEBA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAR. 93 8. TiPULA iNORDiNANS, D. s. Mtts. Fusca, capitc pallide cinereo vitta fusca, antennis testaceis thorace valde longioribus, articulis basi nigris nodosis setigeris thorace vittis quatuor pallide cinereis, abdo- minis lateribus ventreque testaceis, segmentis basi nigro postice albo- marginatis, pedibus nigris longissimis, femoribus dimidio basali tes- taceis apices versus albo fasciatis, tibiis albo fasciatis, tarsis albo bifas- ciatis, alis hyalinis striga costali subapicali nigricante, venis transversis nigro nebulosis. Male. Brown. Head pale cinereous, with a brown stripe. Antennae testaceous, slightly setaceous, much longer than the thorax ; joints at the base black, nodose, setigerous. Thorax with four pale cinereous stripes; pectus pale cinereous. Abdomen testaceous beneath and along each side, thickened towards the tip ; segments whitish at the base, black along the hind borders. Legs black, slender, very long ; femora testaceous for half the length from the base, with a white sub- apical band ; tibiae with a white band beyond the middle j tarsi with two broad white bands. Wings hyaline, with a blackish costal sub- apical streak; veins and stigma black, the latter small; transverse veins and forked subapical vein clouded with black ; veins testaceous. Length of the body 9 lines ; of the wings 16 lines. Gen. Ctenophoba, Fahr. 9. Ctenophora incunctans, n. s. Mas. Atra, capite thoraceque laete ochraceis, antennarum ramis longis aequalibus subpilosis, abdo- mine basi ochraceo. Foem. Thoracis disco saturate ochraceo. Var, /3, Capite thoraceque saturate ochraceis, alis albido strigatis et guttatis. Deep black. Male. Head and thorax bright ochraceous. Antennae with long equal shghtly pilose branches. Abdomen ochraceous at the base. Female. Disc of the thorax deep ochraceous. Var. Head and thorax deep ochraceous. Wings with five whitish streaks and two exterior elongated whitish dots. Length of the body 8-10 lines; of the wings 18-22 lines. 10. Ctenophora gaudens, n. s. Mas et Foem. Lsete ochracea, ab- domine apicem versus nigro, pedibus nigris, femoribus ochraceis apice nigris, tibiis fascia basali Candida, alis nigricantibus basi ochraceis, fascia exteriore albida. Male and Female. Bright ochraceous. Abdomen black towards the tip. Legs black ; femora ochraceous, black towards the tips ; tibiae with a snow white basal band. Wings blackish, ochraceous at the base, with a whitish exterior band which is attenuated hindward. Male. Antennae with long, equal, slightly pilose branches. Length of the body 7-10 lines ; of the wings 14-16 lines. 94 ME. WALKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAR. Fam. STEATIOMID^, Haliday. Q-en. Ptilocera, Wied, 11. Ptilocera smaragdina. Walk. Dipt. pt. 3. 525. Inhabits also the Philippine Islands. 12. Ptilocera smaragdifera, n. s. Mas. Nigra, thorace pubes- cente vittis duabus smaragdinis, lateribus purpurascentibus, abdo- mine nigricanti-cyaneo squamis lateralibus viridibus, tarsis basi ob- scure rufescentibus, alis subhyalinis, dimidio basali antice nigricante postice cinereo. Male. Black. Thorax thickly pubescent, purplish along each side, with two emerald green dorsal stripes. Abdomen blackish blue, with green scales along each side. Tarsi dark reddish towards the base. Wings nearly hyaline ; basal half blackish in front, cinereous hind- ward ; veins black, yellow along the costa exteriorly. Length of the body 5 lines j of the wings 8 lines. Gren. Hermetla., Latr. 13. Hermetia remittens, n. s. Mas et Fam. Nigra, capite antico livido, antennis basi subtus lividis apice albis, thorace vittis tribus cinereis, abdomine seneo-nigro, tibiis basi tarsisque albidis, alis ni- gricantibus basi subhyalinis. Mas. Abdominis dimidio basali livido. Male and Female. Black. Head livid in front ; a whitish line along the eye on each side of the front. Antennae livid beneath towards the base ; apical joint elongate-fusiform, white at the tip, as long as all the other joints together. Thorax with 3 indistinct cinereous stripes. Abdomen slightly bronzed, livid for half the length from the base in the male. Tibiae at the base and tarsi whitish. Wings black- ish, nearly hyaline at the base ; halteres livid. Length of the body 78 lines; of the ^dngs 12-14 lines. Q-en. Stratiomts, Geqffr. 14. Stratiomys immiscens, n. s. Mas. Nigra, antennis fulvis par- vis, scutelli margine postico spinisque pallide flavis, abdomine pallide flavo fasciis tribus dorsalibus latis nigris postice excavatis, pedibus flavescentibus, femoribus tibiisque nigro fasciatis, tarsis nigris, alis limpidis. Male. Black. Head beneath and thorax with whitish down. An- tennae tawny, short. Scutellum along the hind border and spines pale yellow. Abdomen pale yellow, with three broad black dorsal bands, whose hind borders are much indented. Legs yellowish ; femora and tibiae with black bands; tarsi black. Wings limpid; veins brown; halteres pale. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 10 lines. 15. Stratiomys finalis, n. s. Fcew. Nigra, aureo-tomentosa, capite MR, WALKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAR. 95 subtus fulvo, antennis fulvis parvis, thorace vittis tribus nigris, tho- racis margine postico spinisque pallide flavis, abdomine fulvo, pedibus pallide fulvis, alis limpidis. Female. Black with gilded tomentum. Head tawny beneath, with two more or less tawny calli above the antennae, which are tawny and short. Thorax with three black stripes; scutellum with the hind border and the spines pale yellow. Abdomen tawny, paler beneath. Legs pale tawny. Wings limpid; veins tawny; stigma testaceous. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 8 lines. Gren, Clitellaria, Meigen. 16. Clitellaria festinans, n. s. Mas. Nigra, aureo-tomentosa, antennis rufescenti-fulvis apices versus nigris, thorace fascia vittisque duabus aureis, scutelli spinis apice rufescenti-fulvis, abdomine vittis tribus macularibus aureis, pedibus luteis, alis luteis postice cinereis apice nigricantibus. Male. Black, thick, with gilded down. Antennae nearly as long as the breadth of the head ; scape reddish tawny, fusiform, longer than the flagellum, which is black and lanceolate. Thorax and pectus with an interrupted downy band ; thorax with two downy stripes, and with two lateral black spines ; scutellum with a downy border, and with two stout spines, whose tips are reddish tawny. Abdomen with three rows of downy spots ; the middle spots triangular ; the lateral spots oblique. Legs and halteres luteous. Wings luteous along the costa, cinereous hindward, where the veins are bordered with black ; tips broadly blackish ; a black dot adjoining the luteous stigma. Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 12 hues. F(£,m. ? Nigra, cinereo-tomentosa, antennis scape intus fulvo, thoracis vittis duabus abdominisque macuKs cinereis, femoribus tibiisque albidis apices versus nigris, tarsis basi albidis, alis obscure cinereis fascia lata subapicali nigricante. Female ? Black. Head shining, with white tomentum about the eyes. Antennae shorter than the breadth of the head ; scape linear, tawny on the inner side, much shorter than the flagellum, which is lanceolate. Thorax with two stripes of cinereous tomentum and with two lateral spines; scutellum with two stout spines; pectus with silvery cine- reous tomentum. Abdomen with cinereous tomotose spots, which are disposed in three rows. Femora and tibiae whitish black towards the tips ; tarsi whitish at the base. Wings dark grey, with a broad blackish subapical band ; veins and stigma black ; halteres whitish. Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 10 hues. 17. Clitellaria gavisa, n. s. Mas. Nigra, albido-tomentosa, an- tennis testaceis apices versus nigris, thoiface vittis duabus aureis, scu- telli spinis apice flavis, abdomine vittis tribus macularibus aureis, pedi- bus flavis apices versus nigricantibus. Male. Black, with whitish down. Antennae shorter than the breadth of the head ; scape testaceous, longer than the flagellum, which is 96 ME. WALKEE ON DIPTEEA COLLEOTEB AT MAKESSAR. pilose. Thorax with two stripes of gilded toraentum, and with two lateral spines; spines of the seutellum yellow towards their tips. Abdomen with three rows of gilded tomentose spots, the dorsal spots triangular; the lateral spots oblique. Legs yellow; tarsi black towards the tips. Wings cinereous, blackish towards the tips and about the transverse veins ; veins black, yellow towards the base ; halteres yellow. Length of the body 3} lines ; of the wings 7 lines. Fcem. ? Cinereo-tomentosa, thoracis vittis abdominisque niaculis cine- reis, pedibus albidis, femoribus tibiis tarsisque apice nigris alis cinereis, fascia subapicali nigricante. Female? With cinereous tomentum. Head white and shining about the eyes. Stripes of the thorax and spots of the abdomen cinereous. Legs whitish ; femora, tibiae and tarsi black towards the tips. Wings cinereous with a blackish subapical band. Gren. OxYCEEA, Meiff. 18. OxYCERA MANENS, n. s. Mus ct FcRM. Nigra, cinereo-sub- tomentosa, antennis fulvis, pedibus pallide fulvescentibus aut lividis, alis vix cinereis. Mas. Thorace aureo-subtomentoso. Male and Female. Black, slightly covered with cinereous tomentum. Head white and shining about the eyes. Antennae tawny. Thorax of the male slightly covered with gilded tomentum. Legs dull pale tawny or livid ; hind tibiae black. Wings hardly cinereous ; veins and stigma pale in the male, black in the female. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 7 lines. Q-en. Saegus, Fair. 19. Sargus repensans, n. s. Mas. Testaceus, pubescens, vertice nigro, palpis lanceolatis, arista nigra, tibiis tarsisque posticis nigris, his albo cinctis, tarsis anterioribus apice nigris, alis cinereis apices versus nigricantibus. Allied to S. aurifer. Male. Testaceous, pubescent. Vertex black. Palpi lanceolate, ex- tending along two-thirds of the space between the mouth and the antennae ; arista black. Hind tibiae and hind tarsi black, the latter white towards the tips, which are black ; anterior tarsi with black tips. Wings cinereous, blackish towards the tips ; veins black, testaceous at the base. Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 20 lines. , 20. Sargus remeans, n. s. Fam. Niger, pubescens, thorace purpu- rascente-nigro, vittis duabus lateralibus pectoris disco tibiisque ante- rioribus supra sordide albidis, alis nigricantibus. Mas. ? Antennis piceis, thorace purpurascente-cupreo, pectore livido, abdominis seg- ments albido-marginatis, alis fuscescente, cinereis extus albido-stri- gatis. Allied to S. tenebrifer. MR. WA.LKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAR. 97 Female. Black, pubescent. Head wanting. Thorax purplish black, with a dingy whitish stripe along each side ; disk of the pectus dingy whitish. Anterior tibiae dingy whitish above. Wings blackish; veins black ; halteres dingy whitish, with blackish knobs. Length of the body 9 hues; of the wings 20 lines. Malel Black. Head whitish about the mouth. Antennae piceous. Thorax purplish cupreous, with a dingy whitish stripe along each side ; pectus livid. Abdomen with two lanceolate apical appendages ; hind borders of the segments whitish. Wings brownish cinereous, with slight whitish streaks on the exterior areolets. Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 16 lines. 21. Sargus redhibens, n. s. Fcem. Cyaneus, antennis fulvis, tho- racis lateribus anticis purpurascentibus, abdoraine purpureo, pedibus albidis, tibiis posticis feraoribusque nigricante strigatis, alis cinereis. Var. /3. Vertice purpureo, thorace viridi. Female, Blue. Antennae tawny. Thorax purplish on each side in front. Abdomen purple, much broader than the thorax. Legs whitish ; femora with a blackish streak above towards the tips ; hind tibiae with a blackish apical streak. Wings cinereous ; veins black ; stigma blackish. Halteres tawny. Var. ^. Vertex purple. Thorax green. Length of the body 3|-4 lines ; of the wings 7-9 lines. This may be a local variety of S. metallinus, but differs from that species by the dark marks on its hind legs, and by the wing-veins being black at the base. 22. Sargus mactans, n. s. Fcem. Cupreo-viridis, abdomine cupreo, pedibus testaceis, tibiis posticis basi nigris, alis cinereis apices versus obscurioribus. Female. Cupreous green, with cinereous down. Head wanting. Ab- domen cupreous. Legs testaceous; hind tibiae black for half the length from the base. Wings cinereous, darker from the discal areolet to the tips ; veins black ; stigma brown ; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 4^ lines ; of the wings 10 lines. 23. Sargus inactus, n. s. Mas. Albido-testaceus, vertice nigro, thoracis disco scutellique apice purpureis, pectore maculis duabus cupreis, alis cinereis. Male. Whitish testaceous. Vertex black. Disk of the thorax and scu- tellum towards the tip purple ; pectus with a cupreous spot on each side. Wings cinereous; veins black; stigma dark brown; discal areolet shorter than that of the two preceding species. Length of the body 5 ? lines ; of the wings 10 lines. XT Gen. Ner^a, Walk. 24. Nerna impendens, n. s. Mas et Foem. Nigra, cinereo-subto- mentosa, antennis tarsis posterioribus halteribusque testaceis, tarssi LINN. PROC. — ZOOLOGY. 7 98 ME. WALKER ON DIPTEEA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAB. anticis tibiisque piceis, alls cinereis apud costam exteriorem nigri- cantibus. Male and Female. Black, with very slight cinereous pubescence. An- tennae, posterior tarsi, and halteres testaceous ; tibiae and fore tarsi piceous. Wings cinereous, blackish along the exterior part of the costa ; veins and stigma black. Length of the body 3i lines ; of the wings 6 lines. G-en. SoLVA. n. g. Corpus lineare. Proboscis lanceolata. Palpi porrecti, lineares, caput non superantes. Antennae lanceolatae. Scutellum inerme. Abdomen thorace longius. Pedes breviuscuh, femoribus posticis incrassatis sub- serratis. Alee sat angustge. Body linear. Head not broader than the thorax. Proboscis lanceolate. Palpi porrect, linear, rounded at the tips, not extending beyond the head. Antennae lanceolate, shorter than the breadth of the head; joints indistinct. Thorax with a humeral callus and a hnear callus on each side. Scutellum unarmed. Abdomen rather longer tlian the thorax. Legs rather short ; hind femora incrassated, minutely ser- rated beneath ; hind tibiae very slightly curved, appUed to the femora. Wings rather narrow ; 1st and 2nd cubital veins rather long; length of the discal areolet more than thrice its breadth ; 3rd and 4th exter- no-medial veins connected towards the border; anal and subanal veins connected at some distance from the border. 25, SoLVA INAMCENA, n. s. F(Bm. Cinereo-nigra, palpis, thoracis callis, scutello, abdominis lateribus, ventre pedibusque testaceis, an- tennis testaceis apice nigris, abdominis segmentis testaceo marginatis, alis subcinereis. Female. Cinereous black. Mouth, palpi, calli of the thorax, scutellum, abdomen beneath and along each side except at the base, legs, and halteres testaceous. Antennae testaceous except towards the tips. Hind borders of the abdominal segments testaceous. Wings greyish ; veins black, testaceous towards the base. Length of the body 2^-3 lines; of the wings 5-6 lines. Gren. Ampsalis, n. g. F(Efn. Corpus elongatum, sublineare. Antennce filiformes ; flagellum lineare. Thorax longi-ellipticus ; scutellum bispinosum. Abdomen ellipticum, thorace paullo latius non longius. Pedes longiusculi. Al(S angustae. Female. Body elongate, nearly linear. Head a little broader than the thorax. Eyes prominent. Palpi very short. Antennae filiform, much longer than the breadth of the head ; flagellum linear, about twice the length of the scape ; joints indistinct. Thorax elongate-elliptical ; scutellum armed with two obliquely ascending spines. Abdomen ME. WALKEE ON DIPTEEA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAE. 99 elliptical, a little broader but not longer than the thorax. Legs rather long. Wings narrow; 1st cubital vein about one-fourth the length of the 2nd ; four externo-medial veins complete ; subanal vein curved, joining the anal vein at some distance from the border ; discal areolet elongated and attenuated exteriorly ; exterior side very short, 26. Ampsalis geniata, n. s. Fcem. Ferrugineo-fusca, antennis ni- gris basi fulvis, thorace vittis duabus testaceis, scutello testaceo, apice spinisque et pectoris disco nigris, abdomine nigro, basi vittis duabus interruptis laterahbus pedibusque testaceis, alis cinereis apices versus fuscescentibus. Female. Ferruginous brown. Antennae black, tawny towards the base. Thorax with two testaceous stripes; scutellum testaceous; tip and spines black. Disk of the pectus black. Abdomen black ; base and an interrupted stripe along each side testaceous. Legs and halteres tes- taceous. Wings grey, brownish in front towards the tips; veins black, testaceous at the base ; stigma testaceous. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 1 1 lines. Gen. Teacana, n. g. Mas et Fcerti. Corpus elongatum. Proboscis lanceolata. Atitennee graciles, filiformes, capite transverso vix breviores. Thorax longi-ellip- ticus; scutellum bispinosum. Abdomen thorace paullo longius et latius. Pedes longiusculi. Alee longae, non latae. Male and Female. Body elongate. Head rather broader than the fore part of the thorax. Mouth lanceolate ; palpi very short. Antennaj slender, filiform, about as long as the breadth of the head ; 3rd joint long ; 4th and following joints shorter. Thorax elongate-elliptical, with a distinct linear callus along each side ; scutellum armed with two obliquely ascending spines. Abdomen elongate-elliptical, most attenuated towards the base, a little broader and longer than the tho- rax. Legs rather long. Wings long, not broad ; 1st subcubital vein hardly one-third the length of the 2nd ; four externo-medial veins complete ; subanal vein curved, joining the anal vein near the border ; discal areolet oblong, narrower exteriorly ; exterior side very short. 27. Tracana iterabilis, n. s. Mas et Fcem. Cinereo-nigra, capite antico fulvo, antennis albido-flavis basi nigricantibus, pedibus fulvis, tibiis posticis femoribusque nigro-fuscatis, alis cinereis apices versus nigricantibus. Mas. Abdomine fulvo maculis lateralibus nigris. Fam. Abdominis basi lateribusque fulvis. Male and Female. Cinereous black. Head in front and calU of the thorax tawny. Antenna; whitish yellow, blackish at the base. Legs tawny ; femora and hind tibiae banded with black. Wings grey, black- ish towards the tips ; veins black ; halteres tawny. 3Iale. Abdomen tawnv, with some black spots on each side. Female. Abdomen tawny 7* 100 MB. WALKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAR. at the base and along each side. Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 10 lines. Gen. EosAPHA, n. g. Mas et Foem. Corpus angustum, elongatum, lineare. AntenncB gra- ciles, filiformes, capite transverso longiores ; articulus 3"* fusiformis. Scuiellum spinis duabus longis acutis armatum. Abdomen thorace vix longius aut latins. Pedes breves. Alee angustse. Male and Female. Body narrow, elongated, linear. Mouth and palpi extremely short. Antenna; slender, fihform, longer than the breadth of the head ; 3rd joint long, fusiform ; joints of the flagellum indi- stinct. Thorax nearly linear, a little narrower in front ; scutellum armed with two long, acute, hardly ascending spines. Abdomen sub- fusiform, narrowest towards the base, very little broader and longer than the thorax. Legs short. Wings narrow ; 1st cubital vein nearly half the length of the 2nd ; three complete externo-medial veins ; sub- anal vein curved, joining the anal vein at some little distance from the border ; discal areolet oblong ; exterior side short. 28. RosAPHA HABiLis, u. s. Mtts et Fam. Fulva, capite antennis- que nigris, his basi fulvis, thoracis macula antica elongata, spinis apice, tibiis posticis apices versus tarsisque anterioribus nigris, tarsis posticis albis apice nigris, alis cinerascentibus apices versus nigris. Fam. Abdomine supra nigro, basi lateribusque fulvis. Male and Female. Tawny. Head black, white beneath along the eyes. Antenna? black; 1st, 2nd, and 3rd joints tawny. Thorax with an elongated black spot in front ; spines of the scutellum black towards the tips. Hind tibiae towards the tips and anterior tarsi black ; hind tarsi white with black tips. Wings greyish, blackish in front towards the tips ; veins black, tawny at the base ; stigma ferruginous brown. Female. Abdomen black above, except at the base and along each side. Length of the body 3^ lines ; of the wings 7 lines. Gen. EuBA, n. g. Fam. Corpus breve, crassum, latum. Caput parvum. Antennce capite transverso vix breviores. Scutellum inerme. Abdomen globosum, thorace valde latius. Pedes breves. Alee mediocres. Female. Body thick, short, broad. Head much narrower than the thorax. Proboscis and palpi very short. Antennae nearly as long as the breadth of the head ; 3rd joint broader and longer than the flagel- lum, of which the joints are short, compact, and minutely setulose. Thorax a little longer than broad; scutellum unarmed. Abdomen globose, very much broader and a little longer than the thorax. Legs short. Wings moderately broad ; 1st cubital vein not one- third of the length of the 2nd ; four complete externo-medial veins ; subanal MB. WALKER ON DTPTEEA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAR. 101 vein curved, joining the anal vein at some distance from the border ; discal areolet elongated exteriorly, irregularly triangular ; exterior side very short. 29. RuBA INFLATA, n. s. Mas. Testacea, valde pubescens, capita subtus guttis duabus nigris, alis sub-cinereis apices versus fuscescen- tibus, stigraate flavescente. Male. Testaceous. Head with a black dot on each side of the mouth. Flagellura of the antennae black. Thorax and abdomen very pubes- cent. Wings slightly greyish, brownish towards the tips, and espe- cially so in front ; veins black, testaceous at the base ; stigma yellowish. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 7 lines. Gen. TiNDA, n. g. Fcem. Corpus longiusculum, depressum. Caput oblongum, margine postico elevato. Antennce capite transverso vix breviores ; articulus 3"* fusiformis ; flagellum compressum, lanceolatum. Scutellum spi- nosum. Abdomen ellipticum, thorace latius non longius. Pedes breves, graciles. Alee angustse. Female. Body somewhat elongated and depressed. Head somewhat oblong ; eyes nearly contiguous in front, diverging hindward, where there is an elevated margin. Mouth and palpi very short. Antennae nearly as long as the breadth of the head ; 3rd joint fusiform, fully half the length of the flagellum, which is compressed and lanceolate, and with indistinct joints. Thorax slightly widening hindward ; scutellum with six ? very minute spines. Abdomen elliptical, broader but not longer than the thorax. Legs short, slender. Wings narrow; 1st cubital vein less than one-third the length of the 2nd ; three com- plete externo-medial veins; subanal vein joining the anal vein at some distance from the border ; discal areolet elongated, its exterior side very short. 30. TiNDA MODiFERA, n. s. F(£m. Nigra, antennis basi testaceis, pedibus testaceis, femoribus posterioribus supra obscurioribus, alis cinereis costam versus subnigricantibus. Female. Black, hardly shining. Antennae testaceous towards the base. Legs testaceous; posterior femora somewhat darker above, except towards the base. Wings grey, slightly blackish along most of the costa ; veins black ; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 5 lines. Gren. SARijaA, n. g. Mas. Corpus contractum, breve, latum, crassum. Vertex gibbosus. Oculi magni. Antennce brevissimae ; articulus 3^^ rotundus ; arista apicalis, gracillima. Thorax gibbosus ; scutellum elevatura, conicum, postice productum. Abdomen transversum, thorace brevius. Pedes breves, graciles, simplices. Ala breviusculae. 102 MR. WALKEE ON DIPTERA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAE. Male. Body contracted, short, broad, thick. Head almost as broad as the thorax ; vertex gibbous ; eyes large, bare ; mouth extremely short and small ; antenna; very short, 3rd joint round ; arista apical, very slender, a little longer than the antennae ; thorax gibbous ; scu- tellum very gibbous, forming an upright cone, somewhat gibbous and conical hindward, w here it is horizontal j abdomen a little broader than long, much shorter than the thorax ; legs short, slender, simple ; wings rather short ; veins in structure like those of Oxycera, 31. Saruga conifera, n. s. Mas, Anthracina, antennis pedibus- que albido-testaceis, thorace maculis duabus magnis flavo-tomentosis, femoribus nigris, genibus fulvis, alis albidis. Male. Coal-black ; antennae and legs whitish testaceous ; thorax with a large yellow tomentose spot on each side in front of the scutellum ; femora black ; knees tawny ; wings whitish vitreous ; veins and stigma whitish testaceous, the former black towards the base. Length of the body 2J lines ; of the wings 5 lines. Fam. TABANID-^, Leach. Gren. Tabanijs, Linn. 32. Tabanus succurvus, n. s. Fcem. Nigricanti-fuscus, capite feiTu- gineo, callo longo lanceolato gracillimo, palpis piceis, antennis nigris, segmentorum abdominalium marginibusposticis subpallidioribus, tibiis subtus rufescenti-piceis, alis obscure cinereis apud venas fusces- centibus. Female. Blackish brown. Head ferruginous, with a long lanceolate and very slender callus between the nearly contiguous eyes ; under side clothed with black hairs. Proboscis black. Palpi piceous. An- tennae black ; 3rd joint with a small horn. Hind borders of the ab- dominal segments slightly paler in the middle. Tibiae reddish piceous beneath. Wings dark grey, brownish about the veins towards the base ', veins black, piceous towards the base ; fore branch of the cubital vein simple, nearly straight ; halteres ferruginous, with luteous knobs. Length of the body 1 1 lines ; of the wings 22 lines. 33. Tabanus factiosus, n. s. F(Bm. Nigricanti-fuscus, capite tes- taceo, callo nigro gracili lanceolato, palpis piceis, thorace cinereo, ab- domine rufescenti-piceo, maculis dorsalibus trigonis albidis, segmen- torum ventralium marginibus posticis testaceis. Female. Blackish brown. Head with testaceous tomentum and with a slender lanceolate black callus between the eyes. Proboscis black ; palpi piceous. Antennae with a very small horn. Thorax with cine- reous down ; pectus paler and more thickly clothed with paler down. Abdomen reddish piceous, with a whitish triangular spot on the hind border of each segment ; hind borders of the ventral segments testa- ceous. Legs piceous; femora black ; tibiae tawny beneath. Wings grey, with a brownish tint in front ; veins black, ferruginous towards ME. WALKEE ON DIPTEEA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAE. 103 the base ; fore branch of the cubital vein simple, nearly straight ; halteres ferruginous, with whitish-yellow knobs. Length of the body 10 lines ; of the wings 22 lines. 34. Tabanus reducens, n. s. F(£m. Cinereo-niger, capite albido, callo nigro longo clavato, palpis albidis, antennis nigris vix dentatis, thorace vittis quatuor cinereis, abdomine vittis tribus albidis, segmentis ventralibus albido marginatis, tibiis fulvis apice nigris, alis cinereis striga subcostali nigricante, halteribus piceis apice testaceis. Female. Cinereous black. Head whitish, clothed with white hairs beneath ; callus black, long, clavate ; palpi whitish ; antennae black, with an extremely small tooth ; thorax with four cinereous stripes ; pectus cinereous ; abdomen with three whitish stripes, the dorsal one much more conspicuous than the lateral pair ; hind borders of the ventral segments whitish ; tibiae tawny with black tips. Wings cine- . reous, with a blackish sub-costal streak ; veins black ; fore branch of the cubital vein simple, nearly straight ; halteres piceous, with luteous knobs. Length of the body 10 lines; of the wings 20 lines. 35. Tabanus spoliatus, n. s. Mas, Cinereo-niger, albido tomen- tosus, capite cinereo, palpis testaceis, antennis nigris basi rufescentibus vix dentatis, thoracis lateribus fulvescentibus, abdomine rufescente maculis dorsalibus trigonis albidis, segmentis ventralibus albido mar- ginatis, tibiis rufescentibus nigro lineatis, alis cinereis apud costam fuscescentibus, halteribus albidis. Allied to T. univentris and to T. internus, but distinct. This may prove to be the male of T. reducens, though it is very differ- ent in appearance. Male. Cinereous black, with whitish tomentum, which is visible when viewed horizontally ; head cinereous ; palpi tes- taceous, very short ; antennae black, reddish at the base, with an ex- tremely small tooth ; thorax dull-tawny along each side ; abdomen reddish, with a small triangular whitish spot on the hind border of each segment ; hind borders of the ventral segments whitish ; tibiae reddish with a black line ; wings cinereous, brownish along the costa ; veins black, ferruginous at the base ; fore branch of the cubital vein simple, nearly straight ; halteres whitish. Length of the body 9 lines ; of the wings 16 lines. 36. Tabanus iMMixTUS,n. s. Fmm, Cinereo-niger, capite albido, callo nigro longo angusto sublineari, palpis albidis, antennis nigris basi rufis vix dentatis, abdomine ferrugineo apice nigro maculis trigonis mar- ginibusque posticis testaceis, tibiis fulvis, alis cinereis apud costam subluridis, halteribus testaceis. Female. Cinereous black ; head whitish ; callus long, black, slender, nearly linear ; palpi whitish ; antennae black, red at the base ; tooth extremely small and obtuse ; abdomen fermginous, black towards the tip ; each segment with a triangular spot and the hind border testa- ceous ; tibiae tawny ; wings cinereous, slightly lurid along the costa ; 104 MR. WALKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAB. veins black, ferruginous at the base ; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 12 lines. 37. Tabanus FLEX! MS, u. s. Fffiwi. Ciuercus, testaceo tomentosus, callo nigro longo gracillimo, palpis testaceis, antennis ochraceis sub- dentatis apice nigris, abdomine ferrugineo fusco maculis dorsalibus trigonis marginibusque posticis testaceis, tibiis basi fulvis, alis cinereis apud costam subluridis fusco bifasciatis, halteribus testaceis apice albis. Female. Cinereous, with testaceous tomentum ; head with a black, long, extremely slender callus j palpi testaceous ; antennae ochraceous, with black tips and with a very small black tooth ; pectus whitish ; abdo- men ferruginous brown ; each segment with a large triangular spot and with the hind border testaceous ; tibise tawny towards the base ; wings cinereous, somewhat lurid along the costa, with two irregular brown bands; 1st band short, discal, 2nd abbreviated hindward ; veins black, feiTuginous at the base ; fore branch of the cubital vein simple, nearly straight ; halteres testaceous with white tips. Length of the body 8 lines ; of the wings 16 lines. Gen. Chrtsops, Meigen. 38. Chrysops fasciatus, Wied. See Vol. L p. 112. Fam. ASILIDiE, Leach. Subfam. Mtdasites, Walk. Q-en. Mydas, Fahr. 39. Mydas basifascia, n. s. Fcem. Atra, antennis clavatis, ab- domine fascia basali flava apice nitente, femoribus tibiisque posticis rufescentibus, alis cinereis apud venas ochraceis. Female. Deep black ; antennae clavate, a little linger than the breadth of the head ; abdomen with a slender yellow band very near the base, shining at the tip ; hind femora and hind tibiae reddish ; wings cine- reous, ochraceous about the veins, which are also ochraceous. Length of the body 12 lines ; of the wings 22 lines. Subfam. Dasypogonites, Walk. Gren. DiscocEPHALA, Macquart. 40. DiscocEPHALA PANDENS, u. s. Mas. Picea, proboscide palpis- que nigris, pectore thoracisque lateribus albidis, abdomine subtus pal- lide cinereo maculis lateralibus nigris, pedibus fulvis, genibus nigris, tarsis piceis, alis fuscescentibus cinereo strigatis et marginatis, halte- ribus albidis. Fcem. Abdomine fulvo, alis cinereis. Male. Piceous ; front facets of the eyes large; proboscis and palpi black ; raystax with four bristles; pectus and sides of the thorax whitish; abdomen beneath pale-cinereous, with black shining spots along each side ; legs tawny ; trochanters and knees black ; tarsi piceous ; wings MR. WALKEE ON BIPTERA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAE. 105 brownish, cinereous along the hind border, and with cinereous streaks in the disks of the areolets; halteres whitish. Female. Abdomen and halteres tawny; wings cinereous. Length of the body 4-5 lines; of the wings 10-12 lines. Subfam. Laphrites, Walk. Gren. Laphria. Fahr. 41. Laphria concludens, n. s. Fcem. Aurata, capite pilis flavis, antennis flavis articulo 3** rufescente fusiformi, thorace vittis tribus nigris, abdomine fulvo lituris duabus fasciaque interrupta fasciisque duabus ventralibus nigris, pedibus fulvis, alis cinereis apud apices nigricantibus, halteribus pallide flavis. Female. Gilded; head clothed with pale-yellow hairs; mystax with several bristles ; proboscis hnear, tawny ; antennae yellow ; 3rd joint reddish, elongate fusiform ; thorax with 3 black stripes, the lateral pair abbreviated ; abdomen tawny ; 4th and 5th ventral segments with black bands ; 4th dorsal segment with a slight black mark on each side ; 5th with a widely interrupted black band ; legs tawny ; wings cine- reous, blackish towards the tips ; veins black, ferruginous towards the base ; halteres pale yellow. Length of the body 1 1 lines ; of the wings 20 lines. 42. Laphria Vulcanus, Wied. See Vol. L p. 10, 43. Laphria Taphius, Walk. Cat. Dipt. pt. 2, 380. Inhabits also the Philippine Islands. 44. Laphria requisita, n. s. MasetFcem. Viridis, capite aurato, antennarum articulo 3° longi-fusiformi, femoribus posticis incras- satis, alis nigricantibus basi et apud costam cinereis, halteribus tes- taceis. Mas. Femoribus anterioribus incrassatis, halteribus ex parte nigricantibus. Fcem. Abdomine purpurascenti-cyaneo basi viridi. Male and Female. Green; head gilded in front, with whitish hairs beneath ; mystax with a few black bristles ; third joint of the antennae elongate-fusiform ; hind femora incrassated . Wings blackish, cinereous near the base and along nearly half the length of the costa ; veins black ; halteres testaceous. Male. Anterior femora incrassated ; halteres partly blackish. Female. Abdomen purplish blue, green towards the base. Length of the body 7-9 lines; of the wings 14-16 lines. 45. Laphria partita, n. s. Mas. Nigra, capite aurato, antennarum articulo 3° sublineari, thorace lineis tr^ibus cinereis, lateribus ochraceo- pilosis, maculis duabus humeralibus testaceis, abdomine apice cyanes- centi-nigro dimidio basali ochraceo-piloso, pedibus aurato- pilosis, fe- moribus incrassatis, alis nigricantibus dimidio basali fere sublimpido, halteribus testaccis. Fmm. Antennarum articulo 3" longi-fusiformi, 106 ME. WALKEE ON DIPTEEA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAE. maculis duabus humeralibus albidis, abdomine nigricauti-cupreo, dimidio basali cinereo piloso. Male. Black ; head brightly gilded above, clothed with luteous hairs beneath ; mystax with some black bristles ; 3rd joint of the antennae nearly linear, conical at the tip, a little longer than the 1st and the 2nd together ; thorax with three slender cinereous lines ; sides with ochra- ceous hairs; two humeral testaceous spots; abdomen bluish-black towards the tip ; 1st, 2nd, and 3rd segments with oehraceous hairs ; legs with gilded hairs and with black bristles ; femora incrassated, especially the hind pair; wrings blackish, almost limpid for nearly half the length from the base, which is partly blackish ; the blackish part emitting some streaks into the limpid part ; veins black ; halteres testaceous. Female. Third joint of the antennae elongate fusiform ; two humeral whitish spots ; 1st, 2nd, and 3rd abdominal segments with cinereous hairs; following segments blackish cupreous. Length of the body 7-9 lines ; of the wings 14-16 lines. 46. Laphria complens, n. s. Fcem. Nigra, capite argenteo, anten- narum articulo 3** fusiformi, thorace strigis duabus anticis obliquis maculisque duabus pectoralibus argenteis, abdomine purpureo maculis duabus argenteis, pedibus purpurascenti-nigris, femoribus non incras- satis, alis nigricantibus, halteribus apice testaceis. Female. Black ; head silvery, with black hairs beneath ; mystax with several black bristles ; third joint of the antennae fusiform ; thorax with an oblique silvery streak on each side in front ; pectus with a sil- very spot on each side ; abdomen purple, with a silvery spot on each side of the 4th segment ; legs purplish-black ; femora not incrassated ; wings blackish ; veins black; discal veinlet and third externo- medial vein nearly forming one straight line ; halteres with testaceous knobs. Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 12 lines. 47. Laphria dioctrioides, n. s. Foem. Nigra, tenuis, linearis, facie pectoreque argenteis, antennis linearibus, abdomine maculis lateralibus pedibusque fulvis, femoribus posticis nigro fasciatis, tibiis tarsisque posticis nigris, alis cinereis, halteribus pallide flavis. Female. Black, slender, linear ; face silvery ; mystax with four black bristles ; antennae slender, linear, nearly as long as the breadth of the head ; pectus silvery ; abdomen with tawny dots along each side ; legs tawny ; a black ring on each hind trochanter ; hind femora with a black band ; hind tibiae and hind tarsi black, the latter tawny beneath ; wings cinereous ; veins black ; halteres pale yellow. Length of the body 2j lines ; of the wings 5 lines. Subfam. Asilites, Walk. Gen. Tetjpanea, Macq. 48. Trupanea strenua, n. s. Foem. Nigra, robusta, capite fusces- centi-cinereo, pilis subtus flavescenti-cinereis, abdomine fuscescenti- ME. WALKEB ON DIPTEBA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAB. 107 nigro fascia basali fascicular! alba apice nigro nitente, pedibus crassis, alis fuscescentibus vitta sordide albida, halteribus fulvis. Female. Black, stout ; head brownish cinereous, very thickly clothed beneath with yellowish cinereous hairs; epistoma very prominent; mystax with a few black bristles above and with many yellowish cine- reous bristles below ; palpi with short black bristles ; 3rd joint of the antennae elongate conical ; thorax with black bristles hindward and along each side ; pectus cinereous ; abdomen brownish black, with a basal band of white tufts ; tip black, shining ; legs very stout ; pul- villi reddish ; wings brownish ; radial areolet with a dingy whitish stripe; veins black; halteres tawny. Length of the body 11 lines; of the wings 22 hues. 49. Trupanea calorifica, n. s. Mas et Fcem. Ochracea, capita aurato, antennis nigris,thorace vittato, abdomine maculis magnis trans- versis subquadratis nigris, pedibus rufis crassis, tarsis nigris, alis cine- reis vitta sordide albida, halteribus fulvis. Mas. Pectore abdonrine- que cinereis, hujus fascicule subapicali argenteo. Fam. Pectore testaceo, abdomine fulvo. Male and Female. Ochraceous ; head gilded in front, thickly clothed beneath ; epistoma prominent ; mystax with numerous gilded bristles and above with a few black bristles ; palpi with short black bristles ; antennae black ; third joint fusiform ; thorax with slender indistinct stripes ; abdomen with a large black transverse subquadrate spot on each segment ; legs red, very stout ; tarsi black ; wings cinereous ; radial areolet with a dingy whitish stripe ; veins black ; halteres tawny. Male. Head with whitish hairs beneath ; pectus and abdomen cine- reous, the latter with a silvery-white subapical tuft. Female. Head with gilded hairs beneath; pectus testaceous; abdomen tawny. Length of the body 9-11 lines; of the wings 18-20 lines. Gren. AsiLUS, Imn. 50. AsiLUS DETERMINATUS, n. s. Mas et Fcem. Cinereo-niger, ca- pite subaurato, antennis nigris, thorace vittis tribus cinereis, pedibus fulvis robustis, femoribus nigro vittatis, tibiis apice tarsisque nigris, alis fuscis, halteribus testaceis. Mas. Abdomine pilis basalibus lu- teis. Foem. Abdomine pilis basalibus cinereis dimidio apicali stylato. Male and Female. Cinereous black ; head slightly gilded in front, with pale hairs beneath ; epistoma not prominent ; mystax with many pale, and above with a few black bristles ; antennae black ; third joint lan- ceolate ; arista nearly as long as all the preceding joints ; thorax with three cinereous stripes, the lateral pair dilated towards the humerus on each side ; pectus cinereous ; legs tawny, stout ; femora striped above with black ; tarsi and tips of the tibiae black ; wings brown ; veins black ; halteres testaceous. Male. Abdomen with luteous hairs towards the base. Female. Abdomen with cinereous hairs 108 ME. WALKEE ON DIPTEEA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAE. towards the base ; nearly half the apical part stylate. Length of the body 10-12 lines ; of the wings 18-20 lines. 61. AsiLUS INTRODUCENS, n. 8. F(£m. Cinereo-niger, capite aurato, antennis nigris, thorace vittis duabus lateribusque einereis, abdo- mine fasciculis quatuor basalibus einereis dimidio apicali stylato, pedibus nigris robustis rufo variis, alis fusceseentibus, halteribus fulvis. Masl Capite argenteo, abdomine fascia basali fasciculari fasciaque subapicali albidis latis, alis obscure einereis. Female. Cinereous black ; head gilded in front, with cinereous hairs beneath ; epistoma slightly prominent ; mystax with several gilded bristles, and above with a few black bristles : antennae black ; 3rd joint lanceolate, nearly as long as the arista : thorax with two cinereous stripes, which are dilated on each humerus ; sides and pectus cinereous : abdomen with two cinereous tufts on each side at the base ; nearly half the apical part stylate : legs black, stout j femora red beneath and partly above; tibiae with a broad red band: wings brownish, somewhat paler towards the base and about the borders of the posterior areolets ; veins black ; halteres tawny. Male ? Head silvery in front ; mystax with several white, and above with a few black bristles ; abdomen with a broad whitish tufted band at the base, and with a broad whitish subapical band ; wings dark cine- reous, partly paler, as in the female. Length of the body 8-12 lines ; of the wings 12-16 lines. 62. AsiLUS AREOLARIS, u. s. Mas. Cinereo-niger, capite aurato, an- tennis nigris basi fulvis, thorace vittis tribus einereis, abdomine apice nigro nitente segmentis cinereo marginatis, pedibus fulvis, tarsis pos- terioribus nigris, alis fuscescenti-cinereis pallido lituratis triente basali albido, halteribus testaceis. F(£m ? Antennarum articulo 3° fusiformi, alis fusceseentibus hyalino lituratis. Male. Cinereous black ; head gilded in front, clothed with black hairs beneath ; ejistoma prominent ; mystax with many gilded bristles, and above with a few black bristles ; antennae black, tawny towards the base ; thorax with three slender cinereous stripes, sides and pectus cinereous ; abdomen black and shining at the tip, hind borders of the segments cinereous ; legs tawny ; posterior tarsi black ; wings brown- ish cinereous, with paler marks in most of the areolets, white on more than one-third of the length from the base ; veins black, tawny towards base ; halteres testaceous. Female ? Epistoma less prominent ; third joint of the antennae fusiform, hardly half the length of the arista ; wings brownish ; marginal areo- lets with a nearly colourless spot in each. Length of the body 10 lines ; of the wings 18 lines. 63. AsiLUS TENUicoRNis, u. s. F(£m. Cinereus, capite argenteo, antennis testaceis parvis, thorace vittis duabus fusceseentibus, abdo- mine obscure cinereo segmentis testaceo marginatis, pedibus fulvis, ME. WALKER OJf DTPTERA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAR. 109 genubus tarsisque nigris, alis cinereis apice obscurioribus, halteribus testaceis. Female. Cinereous ; head silvery white in front ; epistoma very sUghtly prominent ; mystax with some white bristles, and above with very few black bristles : antennae testaceous ; 3rd joint conical, much shorter than the 1st joint, and not more than one-fourth of the length of the arista : thorax with two brownish stripes : abdomen dark cinereous ; hind borders of the segments testaceous : legs tawny ; tarsi, except at the base and knees, black : wings cinereous, dark cinereous towards the tips ; veins black, tawny towards the base ; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 8 hnes ; of the wings 14 lines. Gren. Ommatius, llliger. 54. Ommatius scitulus, n. s. Mas et Fosm. Fulvus, gracilis, capite cinereo antice albo, antennis nigris basi fulvis, thoracis disco cinereo- nigro, pectore testaceo, abdominis segmentis pallido marginatis, alis cinereis, halteribus testaceis. Male and Female. Tawny, slender ; head cinereous above, white in front ; mystax with several white bristles ; antennae black, tawny towards the base. 3rd joint lanceolate, arista not longer than the 3rd joint ; disk of the thorax cinereous black ; pectus testaceous ; hind borders of the abdominal segments pale ; tarsi black towards the tips ; wings cinereous ; veins black, tawny towards the base ; halteres tes- taceous. Length of the body 6-7 lines ; of the wings 11-12 lines. 55. Ommatius strictus, n. s. Mas. Niger, angustus, capite argen- teo, pectore albido-cinereo, abdomine fusco maculis trigonis nigris, segmentis albido marginatis, pedibus fulvis, genibus tarsisque nigris, alis subcinereis extus nigricantibus, halteribus testaceis. Male. Black, narrow ; head silvery white in front ; mystax with very few white bristles ; third joint of the antennae elongate-conical ; arista a little longer than all the preceding joints together ; pectus whitish cinereous; abdomen brown, each segment with a black triangular spot and with a whitish hind border ; legs tawny ; knees and tarsi black, the latter tawny at the base; wings greyish, exterior half blackish; veins black; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 4-4.^ lines ; of the wings 7-S lines. Gen. Leptogaster, Meigen. 56. Leptogaster munda, n. s. Mas. Cinerea, capite argenteo, pro- boscide antennisque fulvis, thorace hneis duabus fuscis, abdomine longo gracili apicem versus subdilatato, segmentorum marginibus ma- culisque quatuor subapicalibus testaceis, pedibus fulvis, femoribus tibiisque posticis nigro fasciatis, alis subcinereis, halteribus testaceis. Male. Cinereous ; head silvery white ; proboscis and antennae tawny ; thorax with two brown lines ; abdomen long, slender, slightly dilated 110 ME. WALKEE ON DIPTEEA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAE. towards the tip, hind borders of the segments testaceous, two tes- taceous spots on each side towards the tip ; legs tawny, hind femora and hind tibiae with a black band on each ; wings shghtly greyish ; veins black, tawny at the base ; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 8 lines. Fam. LEPTID^, Westw. Gren. Leptis, Fahr, 57. Leptis ferruginosa, Wied. See Vol. I. p. 118. HeUomeia ferruginea, Dolichall. Dr. Dolichall has described this species and several other Diptera in a Zoological Journal published in Java. I am unable to refer to this work, but have adopted the names with which he has ticketed the species in Mr. "Wallace's collection. HeUomeia has the aspect of Leptis, but is distinguished by the subanal and anal veins being united before they join the border of the wing, thus agreeing with Chrysopila, from which it differs in the shorter third joint of the antennae^ and in the more slender arista. Gren. SUEAGINA, n. g. Fcsm, Corpus Ime&re. Co^m^ thorace vLx angustius. Pro&osm porrecta, compressa, capitis latitudine pauUo brevior. Palpi lanceolati, porrecti. Antennce brevissimae; articulus S^^^ rotundus; arista gracilis, nuda. Abdomen subdepressum, thorace non duplo longius, apice obtusum. Pedes nudi, inermes, longiusculi, sat graciles. Alee mediocres, areola discali longissima. Female. Body linear, moderately broad. Head almost as broad as the thorax ; vertex and front of equal breadth. Proboscis porrect, com- pressed, a little shorter than the breadth of the head. Palpi lanceo- late, contiguous to the proboscis. Antennae very short ; 3rd joint round ; arista slendei*, bare, longer than the antenna. Thorax a little narrower in front. Abdomen somewhat flat, less than twice the length of the thorax, obtuse at the tip. Legs bare, unarmed, rather long and slender. Wings moderately long and broad ; radial vein slightly curved ; forks of the cubital vein a little longer than the preceding part; 3rd externo-medial vein inclined beyond the discal areolet towards the 4th, which is straight; subanal and anal veins united close to the border ; discal areolet nearly six times longer than broad, its fore side hardly angular. 58. SuRAGiNA ILLUCENS, n. s. F(Bm. Cinereo-nigra, capite argenteo- cinereo supra atro, palpis antennisque nigris, thorace vittis duabus cinereis, abdomine basi cinereo maculis duabus magnis basalibus apice- que testaceis, pedibus nigris, femoribus testaceis nigro cinctis, tibiis intermediis luridis, alis fuscis postice cinereis albo bifasciatis et bi- strigatis. ME. WALKER ON DIPTEEA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAR. Ill Female. Cinereous black ; head silvery grey, deep black above ; probos- cis, palpi, and antennae black ; thorax with two cinereous stripes ; pectus cinereous ; abdomen cinereous at the base ; two large basal and lateral spots and the tip testaceous ; legs black, femora testa- ceous, anterior femora black towards the base, hind femora with a broad black band, middle tibiae lurid ; wings brown, cinereous along the basal part of the interior border ; two white abbreviated bands and two white intermediate streaks ; veins black ; halteres testaceous, with black knobs. Length of the body 7 lines ; of the wings 12 lines. Fam. BOMBYLIDJE, Leach, Subfam. Theretites, Walk. Gren. Thereva, Latr. 59. Thereva congrua, Walk. See Vol. 11. p. 90. Subfam. Bombtlites, Walh. Gen. Anthrax, Fair. 60. Anthrax Tantalus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iv. 260. 15. Inhabits also Hindostan, China, and Java. 61. Anthrax semiscita. Walk. See Vol. I. p. 118. 62. Anthrax pretendens, n, s. Fcem. Nigra, fulvo tomentosa, thorace strigis duabus albidis, abdomine fasciis albidis maculisque duabus apicalibus albis, alis subcinereis basi nigris apud costam nigri- cantibus, halteribus albidis. Female. Black ; head with tawny tomentum in front, cinereous behind and beneath ; thorax with tawny hairs in front and on each side, a whitish streak on each side by the base of the wing ; abdomen with whitish bands, and with a white spot on each side at the tip, sides with tawny hairs at the base ; wings slightly cinereous, black at the base, blackish along nearly half the length of the costa ; veins black ; radial vein forming a right angle at its base, curved towards its tip ; fore branch of the cubital vein deeply curved ; externo-medial veins almost straight; subanal and anal veins approximate on the hind border ; halteres whitish. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 12 lines. This and the two following species belong to the group of which A. hottentotta is the type. 63. Anthrax antecedens, u. s. Fmm. Nigra, flavescente pilosa, capite cinereo, abdomine fasciis late interruptis guttisque duabus apicalibus albis, lateribus anticis albo pilosis, alis hyalinis basi nigri- canti-fuscis. Female. Black ; head cinereous in front and beneath ; thorax with pale- 112 ME. WALKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAR. yellowish hairs in front and on each side ; abdomen with broadly interrupted white bands, a white dot on each side at the tip, sides with white hairs towards the base ; wings hyaline, blackish brown at the base j veins black ; radial vein curved towards the tip ; fore branch of the cubital vein deeply curved ; externo-medial veins straight ; sub- anal and anal veins somewhat approximate on the hind border. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 8 lines. 64. Anthrax congrua, n. s. Mas. Nigra, albo pilosa, capite abdo- minisque lateribus nigro pilosis, abdomine fasciis duabus palUdis, alis subcinereis basi et apud costam nigricantibus, litura costali basali argentea. Male. Black ; head and sides of the abdomen clothed with short black hairs; antennae very short, 3rd joint round; thorax clothed with white hairs in front and along each side ; abdomen with two slender pale bands ; wings slightly greyish, blackish at the base and along half the length of the costa, which has a silvery mark at its base ; veins black ; radial vein curved towards its tip ; fore branch of the cubital vein deeply curved ; externo-medial veins straight ; subanal and anal veins somewhat approximate on the hind border. Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6 lines. 65. Anthrax demonstrans, n. s. Foem. Nigra, flavescente pilosa, ca- pite cinereo, abdomine fascia subinterrupta guttisque duabus apicalibus albis, lateribus nigro pilosis basi luteo pilosis, alis nigricantibus basi et apud costam nigris. Female. Black ; head with cinereous toraentum behind and beneath ; thorax with yellowish hairs on each side ; abdomen with a white middle band, which is almost interrupted in the middle and slightly dilated on each side, a w'hite dot on each side at the tip ; sides with black hairs, and at the base with luteous hairs ; wings blackish, black at the base and along the costa ; radial vein forming a rounded angle at its base, as deeply curved towards its tip as is the fore branch of the cubital vein, to which it is parallel ; 1st and 2nd externo-medial veins undulating, 3rd nearly straight ; subanal and anal veins approximate on the hind border. Length of the body 5 hues; of the wings 10 lines. 66. Anthrax pr^edicans, n. s. Foim.; Nigra, nigro pilosa, antennis brevissimis articulo 3° rotundo, pedibus piceis, alis nigricantibus, albido strigatis, apice et apud marginera posticum cinereis. Female. Black ; head and sides of the thorax and of the abdomen clothed with short black hairs ; antennae very short, 3rd joint round ; legs piceous; wings blackish, dark grey at the tips and along the hind border ; discal, pobrachial, 3rd externo-medial, and anal areolets with whitish streaks; radial vein undulating towards its tip; fore- branch of the cubital vein slightly curved; externo-medial veins straight ; subanal and anal veins approximating closely on the hmd ME. WALKER OK DIPTERA COLLECTED AT MATIESSAR. 1 13 border ; hind side of the discal areolet forming a right angle, and emit- ting thence the stump of a vein. Length of the body 4^ lines ; of the wings 9 lines. ^7' Anthrax degenera. Walk. See Vol. I. p. 15. var. Mas et F(£m. Nigra, angusta, fulvo-pilosa, capite cinereo, antennarum ar- ticulo 3** conico, pectore subargenteo, abdomine fasciis duabus ventre pedibus halteribusque fulvis, tarsis nigris, alis fuscis, apiee margine- que postico cinereis. Male and Female. Black, narrow, head cinereous ; 3rd joint of the an- tennae conical; arista very short; thorax with tawny hairs ; pectus silvery cinereous ; abdomen with two lateral tawny stripes, which are broadest in the female ; underside, legs and halteres tawny ; tarsi black ; wings brown, long, narrow, cinereous towards the tips and along the hind border ; radial vein curved towards its tip : fore branch of the cubital vein slightly curved, sharply angular at its base; externo-medial veins straight ; subanal and anal veins approximate on the hind bor- der. Male. Hind femora with black tips ; angle of the fore branch of the cubital vein emitting the stump of a vein. Var. ^. Female. Sides of the abdomen less tawny ; wings dark brown, cinereous at the tips ; fore branch of the cubital vein deeply curved, with its angle emitting the stump of a vein. Length of the body 31-5 lines ; of the wings 8-12 Hues. This species is closely allied to A. fervida, and, like the two preceding species, approaches the Australian group (sub-g. Neuria), which is distinguished by the long wings with contorted veins. 68. Anthrax proferens, n. s. Mas. Atra, angusta, abdominis la- teribus basalibiis albo-pilosis, alis longis atris apud marginem posticum exteriorem limpidis, puncto discali albo, litura exteriore transversa albida. Male. Deep black, slender ; head clothed with short black hairs ; an- tennae and arista very short ; 3rd joint round ; abdomen with white hairs on each side at the base ; wings long, deep black, limpid along the exterior part of the hind border ; a white point in the discal areolet, and a little transverse whitish mark at the base of the fore branch of the cubital vein ; the latter deeply curved. Length of the body 4 hnes ; of the wings 12 lines. Allied to the group of which A. hyalacra is the type. Gen, Ststropus, Wied. G9. Systropus sphegoides, n. s. Mas. Niger, capite albido-tes- taceo, antennis apices versus lanceolatis) thorace strigis quatuor late- ralibus pallide flavis, abdomine lurido basi et apicem versus nigro, petiolo longissimo, femoribus subtus tibiisque apice luridis, alis nigri- cante-cinereis, halteribus albidis nigro fasciatis. Male. Black ; head white behind, whitish testaceous in front about the LIIfN. PEOC.—ZOOLOGY. . 8 114 ME. WALKEE ON DIPTEEA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAE. eyes ; proboscis longer than the breadth of the head, its sheaths diver- ging and convoluted at the tips ; antennae a httle longer than the pro- boscis, lanceolate towards the tips ; thorax with two pale-yellow streaks on each side, one in front, the other behind the wing ; abdomen lurid, black at the base, above, and towards the tip, where it is fusiform ; its petiole very long and slender ; femora beneath and tibiae towards the tips lurid ; wings blackish grey ; veins black j halteres whitish, with a black subapical band. Length of the body 7 lines ; of the wings 8 lines. Earn. DOLICHOPIDiE, Leach. Gen. PsiLOPrs, Meigen. 70. PsiLOPUS SPECTABiLis, n. s. Mus. Aurco-viridis, capite pur- purascente-cyaneo, antice argenteo, antennis testaceis, thorace vittis tribus cupreis, scutello cyaneo, abdominis lateribus cupreis, pedibus flavis, alis albis, costa lituris duabus costalibus lutescentibus, halteribus testaceis. Male. Bright golden green ; head purplish blue, with silvery tomentum in front ; antennae testaceous ; arista black, shorter than the thorax ; thorax with three bright cupreous stripes ; scutellum blue ; pectus silvery ; abdomen bright cupreous along each side ; legs yellow ; tarsi black towards the tips ; wings white, brown along the costa and on more than one-third of the length from the tips, with the exception of the hind border ; the costal brown part including two transverse lutescent marks, beyond which there is a brown band ; veins black ; fore branch of the praebrachial vein nearly straight ; discal transverse vein straight ; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 8 lines. 71. PsiLOPUS FiLiFER, n. s. Mtts. Viridcscente-cyancus, capitc pcc- toreque argenteis, antennis pedibusque nigris, arista longissima, ab- domine viridi fasciis nigris, tibiis anterioribus albidis, alis subcinereis. F(£m. ? Viridis, capite cyaneo, tibiis anterioribus testaceis. Male. Greenish blue ; head and pectus with silvery white tomentum ; antennae black ; arista much longer than the body ; abdomen green, with a black band on the base of each segment ; legs black, long, slender ; anterior tibiae dingy whitish ; wings slightly cinereous ; veins black ; fore branch of the praebrachial vein much curved ; discal trans- verse vein very slightly undulating. Female ? Bright green ; head blue, its fore part and the pectus with silvery white tomentum; abdomen with. black bands; anterior tibiae testaceous ; discal transverse vein straight. Length of the body 2^ lines ; of the wings 5 lines. 72. PsiLOPUS ^STiMATus, u. s. Mus. Viridis, capite pectoreque argenteis, antennis nigris basi testaceis, abdomine fasciis latis nigris, pedibus flavescentibus, femoribus posticis apice tarsisque nigris, alis subcinereis, halteribus testaceis. ME. WALKER ON DIPTEEA COLLECTED AT MAKES SAE. 115 Male. Bright green ; head in front and pectus silvery white ; antenna? black, testaceous at the base; arista about as long as the thorax ; ab- domen with a broad black band on the base of each segment ; legs yellowish, stout; tarsi black; femora paler than the tibiae; hind femora with black tips; wings greyish; veins black; cubital vein slightly curved ; fore branch of the prsebrachial vein much curved ; discal transverse vein straight; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 2|- lines ; of the wings 5 lines. 73. PsiLOPUs ABRUPTUS, n. s. Mas. Viridis, capite cyaneo, facie pec- toreque subargenteis, antennis pedibus halteribusque nigris, abdomine cyanescente-viridi, alis cinereis. Male. Bright green ; head blue ; its fore part and the pectus somewhat silvery ; antennae black ; arista hardly longer than the thorax ; abdo- men bluish green ; legs black ; wings grey ; veins black ; fore branch of the cubital vein forming a much rounded right angle, from whence it is straight to its tip ; discal transverse vein straight, parted by half its length from the border, and by less than its length from the fork of the cubital ; halteres black. Length of the body 2 lines ; of the wings 4 lines. Gren. DoLiCHOPirs, Latr. 74. DoLiCHOPUS ciNEREUs, n. s. Mas. Cinereus, capite albo, an- tennis fulvis, pectore albido, abdomine fasciis aeneo-nigris, pedibus testaceis, tarsis anterioribus apice nigricantibus, tibiis posticis apice tarsisque posticis nigris, alis cinereis, halteribus testaceis. Male. Cinereous, not metallic ; head white between the eyes ; antennae tawny ; 3rd joint elliptical ; arista black, much longer than the an- tennae ; pectus whitish ; abdomen with an aeneous black band on each segment ; legs testaceous, stout ; anterior tarsi blackish towards the tips ; hind tarsi and tips of hind tibiae black ; wings grey ; veins black ; praebrachial vein forming a right angle at its flexure, much curved from thence to the border ; discal transverse vein slightly bent out- wards ; halteres testaceous. Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 6 lines. 75. DoLiCHOPus PR^DicANS, u. s. F(Bm. Cinereus, capite pectoreque albis, antennis fulvis, thorace vitta apiceque viridibus, abdomine ma- culis lateralibus albis, pedibus testaceis, femoribus posticis nigto Hnea- tis, alis cinereis basi nigricantibus, halteribus fulvis. Female. Cinereous ; head and pectus white ; antennae tawny : arista black, longer than the antennae ; thorax with a dorsal stripe and the hind part green; abdomen with whitfe spots along each side; legs testaceous, stout ; tibiae beset with black spines ; tarsi black towards the tips ; hind femora with a black line ; wings cinereous, blackish towards the base ; veins black ; praebrachial vein gently cm'ved out- wards at its flexure, straight from thence to the border ; discal trans- 116 ME. WALKEE OIT DIPTERA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAE. verse vein straight ; halteres tawny. Length of the body 2i lines j of the wings 4 hnes. 76. DoLiCHOPUs PROVECTUS, n. s. Fcem. Viridis, capite pectoreque argenteis, antennis nigris latiusculis basi testaceis, thorace vittis duabus Tiigris, abdomine fasciis argenteis, pedibus nigris, robustis spinosis, tibiis testaceis, alls obscure cinereis. Female. Bright green ; head in front and pectus silvery white ; antennae black, rather broad, testaceous towards the base ; 3rd joint conical ; arista much longer than the antennae ; thorax with a black stripe on each side ; abdomen with silvery white bands ; legs black, stout, spi- nose ; tibiaj testaceous ; wings dark grey ; veins black ; praebrachial vein forming a very obtuse angle at its flexure, straight from thence to the border ; discal transverse vein straight. Length of the body 2\ lines ; of the wings 4 lines. 'J'J. DoLiCHOPUS pRiEMissus, u. s. Mas. Obscure viridis, capite pectoreque cinereis, antennis nigris, abdomine viridescente-nigro, pedi- bus nigris vix spinosis, tibiis ferrugineis, alis obscure cinereis, hal- teribus fulvis. Male. Approaches the Psilopi in some of its characters. Dark green ; head in front and pectus cinereous ; antennae black, very small and short ; 3rd joint conical ; arista as long as the breadth of the head ; abdomen greenish black ; legs black, hardly spinose or setose ; tibiae ferruginous ; wings dark grey ; veins black ; praebrachial vein hardly bent between the straight discal transverse vein and the border ; hal- teres tawny. Length of the body 2 lines ; of the wings 3.j lines. 78. DoLiCHOPUS PROVENiENs, n. s. Foim. Obscure viridis, capite albo, antennis nigris, thorace vittis duabus pectoreque cinereis, ab- domine cyanesceute-viridi fasciis cupreis, pedibus nigris, femoribus anterioribus apice tibiisque fulvis, alis nigricantibus, halteribus fulvis. Female. Dark green ; head white in front and about the eyes ; antennae black ; 3rd joint round ; arista shorter than the breadth of the head ; thorax with two cinereous stripes ; pectus cinereous ; abdomen bluish green, with cupreous bands ; legs black ; tibiae and tips of anterior femora tawny ; wings blackish ; veins black ; praebrachial vein quite straight ; discal transverse vein straight, parted by twice its length from the end of the subanal vein ; halteres tawny. Length of the body 2 lines ; of the wings 4 lines. Gren. Cheysotus, Meigen. 79. Chrysotus exactus, n. s. Mas. Obscure viridis, cinereo-tomen- tosus, antennis pedibusque nigris, abdomine obscure cupreo, tibiis anticis fulvis, alis cinereis. Male. Dark green, with cinereous tomentum ; antennae black ; 3rd joint conical ; arista much shorter than the breadth of the head ; ab- domen dark-cupreous ; legs black ; fore tibiae tawny ; wings grey ; MR. WALKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAR. 117 veins black ; pracbrachial vein hardly bent exteriorly ; discal transverse vein parted by more than four times its length from the end of the subanal vein. Length of the body l^ line; of the wings 2 lines. Gen. DiAPHORUS, Meigen. 80. DiAPHORUS RESUMENS, Wlk, See Vol. 11. p, 93. Tarn. LONOHOPTEEIDiE, Curtis. Gen. Cadrema, n. g. Mas. Corpus breviusculum, sat gracile. Caput thorace vix angustius ; facies subobliqua. Antennee brevissimae ; arista apicalis, longa, sub- pubescens. Abdomen ovatum, thorace vix longius. Pedes posteriores robusti; tibiae posticse calcare apicali arcuata. Ales angustse, lan- ceolatae. Male. Body rather short and slender ; head nearly as broad as the thorax; face slightly oblique. Antennas extremely short ; arista long, apical, minutely pubescent. Abdomen oval, hardly longer or broader than the thorax. Posterior legs stout ; hind tibiae with a curved apical spur. Wings narrow, lanceolate ; cubital vein and praebrachial vein parallel, the latter ending at the tip of the wing ; discal transverse vein straight, ending at full thrice its length from the border and at nearly thrice its length from the praebrachial transverse. 81. Cadrema Lonchopteroides, n. s. Mas. Testacea, antennis luteis, thoracis disco et metathorace nigris, abdoraine apicem versus nigricante, alis vitreis macula apicali nigricante. Male. Testaceous ; antennae luteous ; disk of the thorax and meta- thorax black; abdomen blackish towards the tip; wings vitreous, w ith a blackish apical spot ; veins black, testaceous towards the base. I^ength of the body 1| line ; of the wings 4 lines. Pam. PLATYPEZID^, Haliday. Gen. Platypeza, Meigen. 82. Platypeza glaucescens, u. s. Mas ei Foem. Piceo-nigra, capite gutta atra, thoracis disco cyanescente-cinereo, abdomine nigro, pedibus halteribusque piceis, tarsis albidis, posticis dilatatis, alis vitreis. Male and Female. Piceous black ; head with a deep black dot in front ; disk of the thorax with a bluish-cinereous tinge ; abdomen black j legs piceous ; tarsi whitish ; hind tarsi dilated ; wings quite vitreous ; veins black ; discal transverse vein parted by nearly twice its length from the border, and by more than twice its length from the fork of the prsebrachial vein; fore branch of the latter joining the termination of the costal vein at the tip of the wing, close to the end of the cubital vein; halteres piceous. Length of the body 1-1^ line ; of the wings il8 MR. WALKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTED AT MAEESSAR. Fam. SIPPHID^, Leach. G-en. Ceria, Fair, 83. Ceria lateralis, n. s. Mas. Nigra, capite vittis guttisque duabus, thorace maculis octo, pectore fasciis duabus, abdomine ma- culis duabus basalibus fasciisque duabus flavis, antennarum petiolo pedibusque rufis, alls subcinereis, basi costa strigaque fuscis, halteribus flavis. Male. Black ; head with two yellow stripes in front, and with a yellow dot on each side at the base of the antennae ; petiole of the latter red- dish ; 3rd joint elongate-fusiform : thorax with three yellow calli on each side ; scutellum with two oblique fusiform yellow spots which are united hindward ; pectus with a yellow band on each side ; abdomen with a slender petiole which is as long as the terminal fusiform part ; a yellow spot on each side of the base; hind borders of the 1st and 2nd segments yellow ; legs red ; tarsi piceous ; wings greyish, dark brown at the base, whence a dark brown streak proceeds to the disk ; costa dark brown, blackish exteriorly ; veins black ; halteres yellow. Length of the body 12 hues ; of the wings 16 lines. Gen. MiLESiA, Latr, 84. MiLESiA coNSPiciENDA, n. s. Mas et Foim. Nigra, capite flavo maculis duabus nigris, palpis antennisque rufescentibus, thorace vittis fasciis maculisque duabus, scutelli margine abdomineque fasciis tribus flavis, abdomine fasciis tribus chalybeis, pedibus luteis, femoribus nigro vittatis, tar sis nigris apice luteis, alis cinereis apud costam fuscis. Male and Female. Black ; head yellow, with an elongate black spot above the antennae, and with another above the epistoma ; mouth black ; palpi and antenna3 reddish ; thorax with two yellow stripes ; each of its sides in front with a large yellow spot, the latter connected with a band across the pectus ; two yellow bands, the 1st interrupted ; scutellum bordered with yellow ; pectus with two yellow bands on each side; abdomen with three yellow bands and with three chalybeous bands ; 3rd yellow band slightly interrupted ; legs luteous ; femora striped beneath with black ; tarsi black, v/ith luteous tips ; wings grey, brown along the costa ; veins black ; halteres yellow. Male. Abdo- men with a subapical interrupted band ; 1st band notched on the hind side. Female. First abdominal band slightly interrupted. Length of the body 8-9 lines; of the wings 14-16 lines. Gen. Graptomyza, Wied. 85. Graptomyza tibialis, Wlh. See Vol. II. p. 95. F(£m. ? Lutea, crassa, lata, pubescens, vertice et epistomatis linea nigris, thoracis maculis duabus, disco postico, scutelli pectorisque discis cu- preo-nigris, abdomine fasciis tribus nigris, femoribus anterioribus tibiisque nigro fasciatis. FemaUl Luteous, pubescent, broad, thick; vertex black; epistoma MR. WALKER ON DIPTERA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAR. 119 conical, forked at the tip, with a black line ; proboscis longer than the thorax, black towards the base ; arista plumose ; two large spots on the thorax, its disk hindward, disk of the scutellum and disk of the pectus cupreous black; abdomen highly arched, with three black bands which are produced and slightly interrupted in the middle ; apical band very broad ; tibiae and anterior femora with black bands ; wings with a luteous stigma. Length of the body 6 lines 5 of the wings 8 lines. Gen. Eristalis, Latr. 86. Eristalis crassus, Fahr. Ent. Syst. IV. 281, 12. Inhabits also Hindostan. 87. Eristalis ^sepus, Wlk. Cat. Dipt. pt. 3, 625. Inhabits also China. 88. Eristalis bomboides, n. s. Mas. Ater, capite albo, arista nuda, thorace pubescente fascia cinerea fasciaque chalybeo-nigra, pec- tore cinereo, abdomine fasciis quatuor chalybeo-nigris, vittis duabus ventralibus latis albidis, tibiis basi flavis, alis nigricante-fuscis cinereo marginatis, halteribus flavis. Male. Deep black ; head with black hairs on the front and with white tomentum in front and behind ; arista simple ; thorax thickly pubes- cent, having in front a cinereous band which is tawny on each side, and a chalybeous black hinder band; scutellum chalybeous-black ; pectus cinereous ; abdomen with four chalybeous-black bands ; the 1st widely interrupted; under side with a broad short whitish stripe on each side ; hind (and anterior ?) tibiae yellow at the base ; wings blackish -brown, cinereous towards the tips and along the hind border ; veins black ; halteres yellow. Length of the body 5h lines ; of the wings 11 lines. G-en. Helophiltjs, Meigen. The two following Helophili may be merely varieties of H. quadri- vittatus. 89. Helophilus CONSORS. n. s. ikfas. Niger, thorace vittis quatuor flavis, scutello luteo, abdomine vittis tribus luteis tribusque chalybeis, tibiis basi luteis, femoribus posticis incrassatis, alis cinereis apud cos- tam fuscescentibus, halteribus flavis. Male. Black; thorax with four yellow stripes; scutellum luteous; pectus cinereous ; abdomen with three luteous bands and with four chalybeous bands ; 1st luteous band interrupted, very broad; 3rd and 4th slightly excavated on the hind sidte ; tibiae luteous towards the base ; hind femora incrassated ; hind tibiae curved ; wings cinereous, brownish along the costa ; veins black ; halteres yellow. Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 9 lines. 90. Helgphilus conclusus, n. s. Mas. Niger, capite albo, antennis 120 ME. WALKER ON DIPTEEA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAR. rufescentibus, arista nuda, thorace vittis quatuor flavis, scutello fulvo, abdomine fasciis quatuor lineaque transversa flavis fasciaque chalybea, pedibus nigro-luteis, tarsis nigris, alis cinereis apud costara subfuscis, halteribus flavis. Male, Black ; head white, with a black callus above the antennae, which are reddish ; arista simple j proboscis black ; thorax with 4 yellow stripes ; scutellum tawny ; pectus with a broad oblique pale yellow band on each side ; abdomen with 4 yellow bands ; 1st and 2nd bands very broad ; 1st interrupted ; 2nd interrupted except in front, where there is a yellow transverse line ; 3rd and 4th narrow, with a chaly- beous band along the hind border of the 3rd ; legs luteous, shaded with black j tarsi wholly black ; wings grey, slightly brown along the costa ; veins black, tawny towards the base ; halteres yellow. Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 9 lines. ^ Gren. Merodon, Fahr. 91. Merodon iNTERVENiENS, n. s. Mtts. Fuscus, flavescentc-cinereo tomentosus, capite testaceo, antennis nigris, arista nuda, scutello fulvo, abdomine fasciis septem ventreque testaceis, pedibus fulvis, feraoribus nigro vittatis, femoribus posticis incrassatis, tibiis posticis nigris, alis cinereis litura costali nigricante, halteribus flavis. ' Male. Brown ; head with short black hairs on the vertex, white behind, pale testaceous, and with a brown stripe in front ; proboscis and an- tennae black ; arista simple ; thorax thickly clothed with yellowish cinereous down ; scutellum tawny ; pectus cinereous ; abdomen cylin- dric-conical,with seven testaceous bands; under side testaceous; legs tawny ; femora striped with black ; hind femora incrassated ; hind tibiae curved, black; wings cinereous, with a blackish mark by the middle of the costa ; veins black, halteres yellow. Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 10 lines. Gren. YoLXJCELLA, GeoJ/^. 92. VoLUCELLA DECORATA, u. s. Mas. Fulva, oculis thoraceque pu- bescentibus, hujus disco cupreo-nigro, abdomine cupreo-nigro fasciis tribus flavis, pedibus piceo-fulvis, tarsis piceis basi fulvis, alis vitreis, costa lutea extus fuscescente, halteribus apice niveis. Male. Tawny ; epistonia .very prominent ; eyes pubescent ; arista broadly plumose ; thorax pubescent ; disk cupreous-black ; abdomen cupreous-black, with three yellow bands ; 1st band basal ; legs shghtly shaded with piceous ; tarsi piceous, tawny at the base ; wings vitreous, luteous and exteriorly brownish along the costa ; veins tawny, black towards the tips; halteres with snow-white knobs. Length of the body 7 hues ; of the wings 14 lines. Gren. Baryterocera, Walk. See Vol. L p. 123. 93. Baryterocera gibbula, n. s. Fxm. Cupreo-nigra, capite fla- MB. WALKEB ON DIPTERA COLLECTED AT MAKESSAB. 121 vescente vitta cupreo-nigra, anteniiis fulvis, thoracis lateribus fasciaque flavis, abdorninis lateribus fasciis tribus flavis strigisque tribus flavis, pedibus flavis, tibiis posticis femoribusque nigris apice flavis, alis cinereis, litura costali fasciisque duabiis exterioribus nigricantibus. Female. Cupreous black; head in front yellowish with a cupreous-black stripe; antennae tawny; 3rd joint long, linear, obtuse at the tip; thorax yellow along each side and with a yellow band in front of the scutellum ; abdomen yellow along each side and with three yellow bands; 1st band entire; 2nd nearly interrupted ; 3rd emitting a lan- ceolate streak in front and twp hindward streaks which extend to the tip ; legs yellow ; femora and hind tibiae black with yellow tips ; wings cinereous, with a blackish mark by the middle of the costa, and with two exterior slender blackish bands; veins black; haltcres yellow. Length of the body 2^ lines ; of the wings 4 lines. Gen. EuMERrs, Meigen. 94. EuMERUS FiGURANS, n. s. FcBm. Niger, capite albo vitta cyanea, scutelli margine posti